Sperm Extraction in Nonmosaic Klinefelter Syndrome Patients: A Case Series and Literature Review

This study and literature review examined sperm extraction in nonmosaic Klinefelter syndrome patients, focusing on 16 individuals who underwent micro-testicular sperm extraction (m-TESE). The sperm retrieval rate (SRR) in this group was 12.5%, lower than the 44.55% reported in the literature, attributed to the older median age (40 years) and nonmosaic status. Younger patients had higher success rates. A review of 15 studies with 734 patients showed mTESE had a higher SRR (47.13%) than conventional TESE (37.75%). Overall pregnancy and live birth rates were about 24%, with mixed approaches yielding better outcomes. The study highlights the importance of early intervention and technique choice in improving success rates, suggesting further research to optimize treatment for Klinefelter syndrome patients.