Swellable Microneedles in Drug Delivery and Diagnostics

The manuscript discusses the potential of swellable microneedles (MNs) in revolutionizing drug delivery and diagnostics by enabling controlled drug release, which is crucial for treating chronic diseases. It highlights innovations in hydrogel-integrated MN arrays and addresses challenges like scalability, patient compliance, and manufacturing. Despite advancements in manufacturing, biocompatibility, and application versatility, issues with physiological responsiveness and long-term stability persist. The paper suggests that future research should focus on material innovation, integration with digital technologies, and regulatory considerations to broaden biomedical applications and facilitate clinical adoption.