Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: What Every Clinician Needs to Know

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease primarily affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by multisystem involvement and significant morbidity. The document emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and intervention, particularly when ANA positivity is accompanied by inflammatory features. Key management strategies include using hydroxychloroquine as foundational therapy, minimizing glucocorticoid use, and addressing comorbidities like cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. Routine monitoring for lupus nephritis and other organ-specific manifestations is crucial. The document highlights the need for coordinated care between rheumatology and other clinicians to improve patient outcomes, noting disparities in outcomes across different racial and ethnic groups. Despite advances, SLE patients face increased risks of kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality.