The Role of Interferon-γ in Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1

    May 2024 in “ New England Journal of Medicine ”
    Vasileios Oikonomou, Grace Smith, Gregory Constantine, Monica M Schmitt, Elise M. N. Ferré, Julie C Alejo, Deanna Riley, Dhaneshwar Kumar, Lucas Dos Santos Dias, Joseph Pechacek, Yannis Hadjiyannis, Taura Webb, Bryce A Seifert, Rajarshi Ghosh, Magdalena Walkiewicz, Daniel Martin, Marine Besnard, Brendan D Snarr, Shiva Deljookorani, Chyi-Chia R Lee, Tom DiMaggio, Princess Barber, Lindsey B Rosen, Aristine Cheng, Andre Rastegar, Adriana A de Jesus, Jennifer Stoddard, Hye Sun Kuehn, Timothy J Break, Heidi H Kong, Leslie Castelo-Soccio, Ben Colton, Blake M. Warner, David E Kleiner, Martha M Quezado, Jeremy L Davis, Kevin P Fennelly, Kenneth N Olivier, Sergio D Rosenzweig, Anthony F Suffredini, Mark S Anderson, Marc Swidergall, Carole Guillonneau, Luigi D Notarangelo, Raphaela Goldbach‐Mansky, Olaf Neth, Maria Teresa Monserrat-Garcia, Justo Valverde-Fernandez, Jose Manuel Lucena, Ana Lucia Gomez-Gila, Angela Garcia Rojas, Mikko Seppänen, Jouko Lohi, Matti Hero, Saila Laakso, Paula Klemetti, Vanja Lundberg, Olov Ekwall, Peter Olbrich, Karen K Winer, Behdad Afzali, Niki M Moutsopoulos, Steven M. Holland, Theo Heller, Stefania Pittaluga, Michail S. Lionakis
    Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is caused by AIRE deficiency, leading to excessive interferon-γ-mediated responses and multiorgan damage. This study explored the use of the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib in treating APS-1. In mice, ruxolitinib normalized interferon-γ responses and prevented organ damage. In five APS-1 patients, ruxolitinib treatment decreased T-cell-derived interferon-γ levels, normalized interferon-γ and CXCL9 levels, and led to remission of symptoms such as alopecia, oral candidiasis, and thyroiditis, without serious adverse effects. These findings suggest that JAK inhibition with ruxolitinib is a promising treatment for APS-1.
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