Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Bider Marking Formation in Dun Mongolian Horses Through Transcriptome Sequencing

This study explores the molecular mechanisms behind the "Bider" markings in Dun Mongolian horses using transcriptome sequencing on three horses. Researchers identified 140 to 775 differentially expressed genes related to pigment metabolism, skin development, and signaling pathways such as calcium and cAMP. The findings indicate that these markings result from a complex network of genes and pathways, rather than a single gene. The study highlights the roles of calcium and cAMP signaling in creating a microenvironment for melanocyte function and suggests local immune regulation in maintaining stripe boundaries. The research enhances understanding of coat color patterns and aids in conserving Mongolian horse genetic resources, though further validation in larger populations is needed.