Update on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, associated with metabolic abnormalities like insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, as well as psychological issues such as depression and anxiety. The 2018 international evidence-based guideline for PCOS introduced 166 recommendations for the disorder's assessment and management, including an increase in the antral follicle count cutoff for diagnosis from 12 to 20, a redefinition of hirsutism, and careful diagnosis in adolescents. First-line treatments include lifestyle modifications, combined oral contraceptives, and for adults with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, metformin. For ovulation induction, an aromatase inhibitor is recommended. Despite these guidelines, the document acknowledges ongoing controversies in understanding and managing PCOS, indicating a need for further research and updates.