An Updated Nomenclature for Keratin-Associated Proteins

January 2012 in “ International Journal of Biological Sciences ”

Hua Gong, Huitong Zhou, Grant W McKenzie, Zhidong Yu, Stefan Clerens, Jolon M. Dyer, Jeffrey E. Plowman, Matt W. Wright, Reena Arora, C. Simon Bawden, Yulin Chen, Jinquan Li, Jon G. H. Hickford

TLDR The document introduced a new naming system for keratin-associated proteins to improve clarity and communication across species.

The document proposed an updated nomenclature for keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) to address the increased identification and variation of KAP genes across species. The new system, based on the previous nomenclature, included species-specific codes and indicators for genetic variants, pseudogenes, and temporary placeholders. This updated naming convention aimed to enhance data storage, retrieval, and communication across mammalian species by providing a more informative and standardized approach. For instance, a gene previously named KRTAP7-1 would be updated to include species information, such as SHEEP-KRTAP7-1*A, facilitating a common language for KAP proteins and genes.

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research Molecular Evolution of the Keratin Associated Protein Gene Family in Mammals: Role in the Evolution of Mammalian Hair

119 citations , August 2008 in “BMC Evolutionary Biology”

KRTAP genes evolved early in mammals, leading to diverse hair traits.

research Characterization and Expression Analysis of the Hair Keratin Associated Protein KAP26.1

50 citations , July 2008 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

research Characterization of Human KAP24.1, A Cuticular Hair Keratin-Associated Protein with Unusual Amino Acid Composition and Repeat Structure

51 citations , January 2007 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Scientists discovered a unique hair protein, KAP24.1, with a special structure, found only in the upper part of hair cuticles.

research Human Hair Keratin-Associated Proteins

226 citations , January 2006 in “International review of cytology”

Keratin-associated proteins are crucial for hair strength and structure.

research Human KAP Genes: Only Half of It? Extensive Size Polymorphisms in Hair Keratin-Associated Protein Genes

53 citations , June 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

KAP genes show significant genetic variability, but its impact on hair traits is unclear.

research Size Polymorphisms in the Human Ultrahigh Sulfur Hair Keratin-Associated Protein 4, KAP4, Gene Family

27 citations , June 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The study found that variations in hair protein genes are likely due to evolutionary deletions or duplications.

research Identification of Two Novel Clusters of Ultrahigh-Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes on Human Chromosome 11

1 citations , May 2004 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications”

Two new gene clusters important for hair formation were found on human chromosome 11.

research Identification of Two Novel Clusters of Ultrahigh-Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes on Human Chromosome 11

27 citations , April 2004 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications”

Two new gene clusters important for hair formation were found on human chromosome 11.

research A Cluster of 21 Keratin-Associated Protein Genes Within Introns of Another Gene on Human Chromosome 21q22.3

34 citations , January 2004 in “Genomics”

A cluster of 21 keratin-associated protein genes important for hair growth was found on human chromosome 21.

Hair Keratin Associated Proteins: Characterization of a Second High Sulfur KAP Gene Domain on Human Chromosome 21 in Fond Memory of Dr. Peter Steinert

research Hair Keratin Associated Proteins: Characterization of a Second High Sulfur KAP Gene Domain on Human Chromosome 21 in Fond Memory of Dr. Peter Steinert

62 citations , January 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

A second domain of high sulfur KAP genes on chromosome 21q23 is crucial for hair structure.

research Characterization of a First Domain of Human High Glycine-Tyrosine and High Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes on Chromosome 21q22.1

100 citations , December 2002 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

Researchers mapped and categorized specific keratin-associated protein genes on human chromosome 21q22.1.

research Polymorphisms in the Human High Sulfur Hair Keratin-Associated Protein 1, KAP1, Gene Family

48 citations , November 2002 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

Genetic variations in hair keratin proteins exist but don't significantly affect hair structure.

Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21

research Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21

98 citations , June 2001 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

A cluster of sulfur-rich hair protein genes was found on chromosome 17.

research The Role of Keratin Proteins and Their Genes in the Growth, Structure, and Properties of Hair

228 citations , January 1997 in “Birkhäuser Basel eBooks”

Keratin proteins and their genes are crucial for hair growth and structure.

research Characterization of a Gene Encoding a Cysteine-Rich Keratin Associated Protein Synthesized Late in Rabbit Hair Follicle Differentiation

26 citations , March 1995 in “Differentiation”

A rabbit gene important for hair development was identified and detailed.

research Formation and Structure of Human Hair

175 citations , January 1995 in “Birkhäuser Basel eBooks”

Human hair growth and structure are influenced by keratin proteins, genes, melanin, and lipids.

research Differential Expression of Genes Encoding a Cysteine-Rich Keratin Family in the Hair Cuticle

35 citations , September 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

research Organization and Expression of Hair Follicle Genes

48 citations , July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Hair growth is controlled by specific gene clusters and proteins, and cysteine affects hair gene expression in sheep.

research Organization and Expression of Hair Follicle Genes

28 citations , July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

research Sequence, Expression, and Evolutionary Conservation of a Gene Encoding a Glycine/Tyrosine-Rich Keratin-Associated Protein of Hair

76 citations , February 1993 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

KAP6 genes are conserved across species and active in hair follicles.

research Structure and Biochemistry of Mammalian Hard Keratin

252 citations , January 1991 in “Electron Microscopy Reviews”

research Structure and Expression of Genes for a Class of Cysteine-Rich Proteins of the Cuticle Layers of Differentiating Wool and Hair Follicles

67 citations , December 1990 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology”

Researchers found genes for cysteine-rich proteins that form the protective layer of hair in humans and sheep.