Use of priming strategies to advance the clinical application of mesenchymal stromal/stem cell-based therapy

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are promising in regenerative medicine due to their ability to produce paracrine factors that aid tissue repair, rather than through cell engraftment. MSC-derived products like conditioned media and exosomes are being explored for medical applications, offering benefits over using whole MSCs. However, the effectiveness of MSC-based treatments varies due to differences in cell sources and production methods. To enhance their therapeutic potential, researchers are employing priming strategies such as exposure to inflammatory molecules, hypoxic conditions, and three-dimensional cultures, which improve MSCs' immunomodulatory, angiogenic, and regenerative properties. These strategies show promise in treating various diseases, but optimizing MSC modulation for specific clinical disorders remains a key challenge.