Vitiligo: Current Treatment Options And Future Perspectives

The review discusses current and future treatment options for vitiligo, focusing on the role of oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, and the JAK/STAT pathways in its pathogenesis. Current treatments include topical agents like corticosteroids and JAK inhibitors, phototherapy, and surgical methods such as melanocyte transplantation. Phototherapy, particularly narrowband UVB (NB-UVB), is favored for its safety and efficacy. Combining phototherapy with topical treatments enhances repigmentation, and JAK inhibitors show promise in targeted therapy. Emerging therapies include JAK inhibitors, prostaglandin analogs, and melanocyte transplantation. The approval of topical ruxolitinib and ongoing trials for oral JAK inhibitors represent significant advancements. The review emphasizes the need for individualized, combination-based regimens and ongoing research to optimize treatment strategies and improve outcomes for vitiligo patients.