Regulatory Processes of the Canonical Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway and Photobiomodulation in Diabetic Wound Repair

This review explored the role of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and photobiomodulation (PBM) in diabetic wound repair, highlighting the challenges of chronic, non-healing wounds in diabetic patients. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway was crucial for cell proliferation and differentiation, but its activity was often reduced in diabetic wounds, leading to poor healing. PBM, which uses low-level light, was shown to enhance wound healing by activating cellular pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, through increased mitochondrial activity and production of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and ATP. This activation improved fibroblast function and wound restoration, suggesting PBM as a promising non-invasive treatment for chronic diabetic wounds. However, further research was needed to understand the interaction between emitted light and tissue and to substantiate PBM's efficacy through comprehensive clinical studies.