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This study investigated the impact of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on lipoprotein and inflammatory glycoprotein profiles in women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and compared these profiles with women having PCOS alone. The study involved 147 premenopausal women with T1D, divided into those with PCOS (n = 30) and without PCOS (n = 117), and compared them with non-T1D women with normoglycemic PCOS (NGT-PCOS, n = 249) and abnormal glucose tolerance PCOS (AGT-PCOS, n = 44). The results showed no significant differences in lipoprotein and glycoprotein profiles between T1D women with and without PCOS. However, women with typical PCOS had higher VLDL-C, VLDL-TG, and VLDL-P, lower HDL-C, and smaller LDL compared to women with T1D and PCOS. Inflammatory glycoproteins were significantly increased in T1D and PCOS and AGT-PCOS compared to NGT-PCOS. The study concluded that PCOS does not worsen the lipoprotein and inflammatory glycoprotein profiles in T1D women, but among women with PCOS, those with T1D had the most harmful HDL particle subclasses.

In a study of 100 young women aged 15–25 with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in India, 27% were found to have abnormal glucose tolerance, with 22% having impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 5% having diabetes mellitus. The study highlighted that abnormal glucose tolerance was more prevalent among women with higher BMI, central adiposity, a waist–hip ratio of ≥0.85, and a family history of diabetes. Additionally, conditions such as acanthosis nigricans, primary subfertility, and polycystic ovarian morphology were more common in those with IGT or diabetes. The findings suggest that a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test is useful for early detection of dysglycaemia in young women with PCOS, especially those with obesity or a family history of diabetes.