June 2023 in “CHEDS Journal of Chemistry Education and Science” Green spinach leaves can be an effective and liked hair tonic for hair loss.
April 2025 in “Mutiara Jurnal Penelitian dan Karya Ilmiah” Green spinach leaf tonic significantly reduces hair loss.
December 2025 in “Journal of Food Innovation, Nutrition, and Environmental Sciences” Solar drying preserves chlorophyll and phytochemicals in Chaya leaves better than sun drying.
September 2022 in “Ciencia Unemi” More clinical trials are needed to confirm if plant-based products can effectively treat COVID-19.
Smilax aristolochiifolia is less abundant due to environmental changes, but still used in traditional medicine.