19 citations
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March 2019 in “International Journal of Dermatology” The tattoo machine method safely delivers an average of 1,175 µg/cm² of medication into the skin.
June 2023 in “Brazilian Journal of Case Reports” Botulinum Toxin Type A delivered through the skin may be a promising treatment for Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia.
January 2023 in “Skin appendage disorders” Scalp microinfusion is a new method for treating hair loss that shows promise but needs more research for standardization.
January 2026 in “International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery” Tattoo machine-assisted drug delivery may improve hair growth in androgenetic alopecia.
140 citations
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December 2017 in “Journal of Controlled Release” Microneedles improve drug delivery in various body parts, are safe and painless, and show promise in cosmetology, vaccination, insulin delivery, and other medical applications.