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Both injectable contraceptives lower testosterone and SHBG levels, with NET-EN having a greater effect than DMPA-IM.

The levonorgestrel implant increases free testosterone and lowers SHBG more than DMPA-IM and the copper IUD.

Pediatricians should advise sexually active teens on safe sex and STD prevention, and discuss contraceptive options and their side effects.

To improve use of the contraceptive DMPA among adolescents, effectively manage side effects like menstrual changes and weight gain through counseling and guidance.

COCs often cause nausea, vomiting, and hair loss, while Depo-Provera is linked to weight gain.