May 2025 in “Birth Defects Research” YWS1903 is safe for pregnant rats at moderate doses but causes fetal issues at high doses.
4 citations
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March 2002 in “International journal of toxicology” LAAM caused developmental toxicity in tolerant rats without causing birth defects.
4 citations
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February 2011 in “Nature Reviews Endocrinology” Metformin and thiazolidinediones are similarly effective for PCOS, but metformin is often preferred due to fewer side effects.
March 2024 in “Birth defects research” The commentary stresses the importance of using historical control data and proper interpretation in evaluating developmental toxicity.
171 citations
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October 1990 in “Alcoholism/Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research” The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.