May 2025 in “Birth Defects Research” YWS1903 is safe for pregnant rats at moderate doses but causes fetal issues at high doses.
29 citations
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December 2003 in “Teratology” Minoxidil use during pregnancy may cause fetal harm.
4 citations
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March 2002 in “International journal of toxicology” LAAM caused developmental toxicity in tolerant rats without causing birth defects.
4 citations
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February 2011 in “Nature Reviews Endocrinology” Metformin and thiazolidinediones are similarly effective for PCOS, but metformin is often preferred due to fewer side effects.
March 2024 in “Birth defects research” The commentary stresses the importance of using historical control data and proper interpretation in evaluating developmental toxicity.