February 2022 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” Permanent hair waving uses chemicals to create long-lasting curls.
20 citations
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July 1988 in “Clinics in dermatology” Thioglycolate lotions are the most popular method for permanent waving and hair straightening.
18 citations
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January 2008 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Thioglycolic acid and L-cysteine change hair structure differently during perms, affecting hair strength and curling efficiency.
November 2024 in “Biophysical Chemistry” Hair structure changes immediately during perm treatment, with initial damage partially restored later.
70 citations
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June 1998 in “Polymer” Permanent waving damages hair by disrupting its keratin structure.