May 2024 in “Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology” Overweight or obese women before pregnancy have lower iron levels in their serum and hair during early pregnancy.
Higher pre-pregnancy BMI is linked to more stress in mothers and more behavioral problems in two-year-old children.
Women with PCOS have different body composition and some metabolic differences compared to healthy women.
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March 2009 in “Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics” Older age, higher BMI, and family history of diabetes increase the risk of gestational diabetes in pregnant women.
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March 2014 in “Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology” Lower hair zinc and copper levels found in Turkish males with hair loss; higher BMI linked to less hair zinc.