70 citations
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June 1998 in “Polymer” Permanent waving damages hair by disrupting its keratin structure.
45 citations
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December 2006 in “Biopolymers” Permanent waving weakens hair by altering its protein structure.
October 2024 in “Cosmetics” ATG effectively reduces hair frizz without damaging hair strength.
5 citations
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February 1998 in “Polymer” Human hair keratin has a 40% α-helix structure that changes to a random coil in 8 M urea.
December 2021 in “Journal of natural fibers” The conclusion is that new methods for isolating hair cuticle cells and removing the cuticle layer are effective and convenient.