179 citations
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May 1982 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” High levels of 3 alpha-diol glucuronide in the blood are a marker of increased androgen action in women with excessive hair growth of unknown cause.
9 citations
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August 2021 in “Biomedicines” 17β-estradiol boosts APE1/Ref-1 secretion in cells and mice via a calcium-dependent pathway.
136 citations
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January 2004 in “Neuroscience” Testosterone increases seizure risk through its conversion to specific neurosteroids.
11 citations
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August 2020 in “Diabetes” Testosterone helps human pancreatic cells increase insulin release.
44 citations
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March 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The effects of estrogen on human hair growth are unclear and need more research.
65 citations
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May 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Dexamethasone may influence hair growth by altering estrogen receptor activity in hair cells.
7 citations
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February 2019 in “Journal of pharmacological sciences” Bazhengsan reduces inflammation and tissue growth in chronic prostatitis.
May 2021 in “International journal of developmental research” Estrogens and progesterone are key in regulating melasma pigmentation.
63 citations
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November 1999 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Hair sensitivity to androgens is partly controlled by specific enzyme expressions in different hair areas.
19 citations
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March 1998 in “Endocrinology” Male rats have more somatostatin neurons than females due to testosterone converting to estrogen during early development.
57 citations
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February 1983 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Dihydrotestosterone increases the activity of an enzyme in pubic skin cells that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.
January 2017 in “Clinical & medical biochemistry” Certain gene variations in AKT2 are more common in women with PCOS and are linked to higher levels of specific hormones and symptoms.
24 citations
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September 2005 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Retinoids increase steroid sulfatase activity in leukemia cells through RARα/RXR and involves certain pathways like phosphoinositide 3-kinase and ERK-MAP kinase.
102 citations
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July 2020 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Hormones like testosterone and estrogen significantly affect hair growth and structure.
1 citations
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March 2022 in “Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology” Ovarian volume is significantly related to higher levels of certain hormones in Korean women with PCOS.
3 citations
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August 2021 in “Nutrition research” Estrogen affects how vitamin A is processed in mouse skin, which may impact acne treatment, hair growth, and skin defense.
64 citations
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March 1984 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Cyproterone acetate effectively reduced hair growth in hirsute patients by lowering androgen levels and altering androgen metabolism.
June 2025 in “Pharmacon Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia” Mangkokan leaves may help hair growth and health.
November 2022 in “Scientific Reports” Certain ESR1 gene variations may affect hormone levels and fat distribution in women with high male hormone levels.
33 citations
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January 2016 in “Skin appendage disorders” The document concludes that sexual and psychiatric side effects from 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors are reported, but more high-quality research is needed to understand how often they occur.
124 citations
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September 1992 in “Endocrinology” The human type II 5α-reductase gene, linked to certain male health conditions, has a specific structure and low similarity to other related genes.
35 citations
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April 2013 in “Sexual medicine reviews” 5-alpha reductase inhibitors slightly increase the risk of sexual and mood side effects, and breast growth in men.
2 citations
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August 2020 in “Natural Product Communications” A mix of Platycladus orientalis leaf extract and alpha-terpineol helps mice grow hair by increasing growth factors and cell growth.
76 citations
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September 1992 in “Endocrinology” The human type II 5α-reductase gene has a specific structure important for understanding certain medical conditions.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The 18-year-old girl likely has a condition called müllerian agenesis, which caused her to not have a uterus and experience no menstrual periods.
9 citations
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June 2014 in “European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology” Blood AMH levels are higher in women with PCOS than in those with other similar conditions.
5 citations
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September 2009 in “Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine” Citrullus colocynthis fruit extract and its compound may help treat enlarged prostate.
69 citations
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September 2006 in “Human Reproduction” Women with PCOS have fewer activated T cells in their ovarian follicles, which might affect fertility.
28 citations
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August 2014 in “Cancer Causes & Control” Taking 5α-reductase inhibitors does not significantly increase the risk of breast cancer in men.
21 citations
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March 2018 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors may help stabilize or slow down hair loss in some frontal fibrosing alopecia patients, but more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness and safety.