January 2016 in “Archivio italiano di urologia, andrologia” The document concludes that the risk of sexual side effects from 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors is low and often temporary, but more research is needed on potential permanent effects.
July 2000 in “Hair transplant forum international” 
January 2026 in “International Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprosy Sciences” Intradermal dutasteride effectively and safely improves hair growth in early-stage androgenetic alopecia.
January 2020 in “Journal of Men s Health” The combination treatment reduced prostate size and improved testosterone deficiency symptoms but was less effective for sexual function.
August 2025 in “Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Bicalutamide effectively treats prostate cancer but needs careful monitoring for side effects.
Dutasteride did not change rat spermatogenesis or oxidative stress but needs more research.
7 citations
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December 2020 in “Endocrine-related Cancer” The over-the-counter supplement DHEA could make COVID-19 worse, especially in diabetics and people with G6PD deficiency.
January 2026 in “Elsevier eBooks” 
44 citations
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January 2007 in “Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin” Black pepper leaf extract contains compounds that can block testosterone effects and promote hair growth.
55 citations
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March 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride may treat baldness but less effective for those with 5α-reductase deficiency.