June 2026 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Rare seminoma found in a 33-year-old woman with atypical genitalia and no Y chromosome.
2 citations
,
July 2022 in “Frontiers in Veterinary Science” A female dog with mixed male and female traits was treated successfully with surgery.
13 citations
,
June 2024 in “Frontiers in Genetics” About 50% of 46, XY DSD cases lack a genetic diagnosis, but advanced sequencing methods improve detection.
July 2021 in “Advances in laboratory medicine” Diagnosing sex development disorders requires combining medical history, physical exams, imaging, lab tests, and genetic data.
September 2022 in “Annals of medicine and surgery” Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.
5 citations
,
July 2022 in “Orphanet journal of rare diseases” RSPO1 mutations in certain patients lead to skin cells that don't develop properly and are more likely to become invasive, increasing the risk of skin cancer.
1 citations
,
May 2018 in “Clinical chemistry” The girl's unexpected pubic hair growth led to a diagnosis different from complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.
August 2025 in “American Journal of Case Reports” Accurate diagnosis and early specialist referral are crucial for managing 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development.
5 citations
,
January 2017 in “Endocrinology” Genetic defects in testosterone production can cause hormonal and developmental disorders, and more research is needed to understand androgen regulation and develop safer treatments.
70 citations
,
April 2014 in “Annales d'endocrinologie” New genes and pathways are important for testosterone production and male sexual development.
November 2016 in “Elsevier eBooks” Genetic mutations can affect female sexual development, requiring personalized medical care.
January 2025 in “Case Reports in Genetics” A rare gene variant causes sexual development issues in siblings, needing personalized treatment.
9 citations
,
October 2017 in “Translational pediatrics” Pediatric endocrinologists should provide early fertility counseling and preservation options to young patients at risk of infertility.
18 citations
,
October 2021 in “Frontiers in Physiology” Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D2 Synthase (L-PGDS) is a protein that plays many roles in the body, including sleep regulation, pain management, food intake, and protection against harmful substances. It also affects fat metabolism, glucose intolerance, cell maturation, and is involved in various diseases like diabetes, cancer, and arthritis. It can influence sex organ development and embryonic cell differentiation, and its levels can be used as a diagnostic marker for certain conditions.
1 citations
,
September 2023 in “International Journal of Women’s Dermatology” Dermatologists are crucial in providing personalized care for patients with sex development differences.
September 2021 in “Physiology News” Conditions affecting sex development show that sexual diversity is a natural part of human variation.
12 citations
,
October 2004 in “Experimental Gerontology” Changes in testosterone and estrogen receptor genes can affect how men age, influencing body fat, hair patterns, and possibly leading to skin disorders.
35 citations
,
May 2022 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Androgens like testosterone are important hormones for both men and women, made differently in each sex and affecting the body by regulating genes and quick interactions with cell components.
July 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Hormone treatment caused hair loss, finasteride helped regrowth.
39 citations
,
April 2018 in “Hormones” No consistent link between genotype and phenotype in 5-α-Reductase type 2 deficiency.
197 citations
,
January 2019 in “Neuropsychopharmacology” Male and female bodies respond differently to stress, influenced by hormones and development stages, with implications for stress-related diseases.
54 citations
,
April 2010 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.
855 citations
,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
November 2013 in “John Wiley & Sons, Ltd eBooks” The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of male and female gonadal disorders is crucial for effective treatment and better patient outcomes.
January 2020 in “Research Portal Denmark” A short male anogenital distance may indicate incomplete masculinization due to disrupted androgen action.
5 citations
,
January 2001 in “Advances in protein chemistry” 5α-reductase inhibitors help treat disorders caused by DHT and have potential for future therapies.
11 citations
,
September 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” New ABCA12 gene mutations were linked to a skin condition with scaling and hair loss, and a treatment helped with hair loss in a related case.
November 2024 in “Forensic Sciences” Understanding the Y chromosome is key to male health, aging, and developing diagnostic tools.
50 citations
,
February 2013 in “Annals of Clinical Biochemistry” Understanding how DHT works is important for diagnosing and treating hormone-related disorders.
1 citations
,
August 2019 in “Journal of pediatric & adolescent gynecology” A new genetic change causing early stop in the androgen receptor gene was found in a patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome.