December 2023 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” Excess androgens may cause PCOS, not just be a symptom.
May 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Primary cilia affect the size and oil production of eye glands but not the oil's makeup.
68 citations
,
May 2011 in “European Journal of Dermatology” Acne is caused by genetics, diet, hormones, and bacteria, with treatments not yet curative.
17 citations
,
November 1997 in “Andrology” Finasteride effectively treats enlarged prostate and male baldness, improves symptoms of hirsutism in women, but doesn't work for acne, and may delay prostate cancer progression with few side effects.
7 citations
,
March 2018 in “Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences” OCIAD2 and DCN genes affect hair growth in goats by having opposite effects on a growth signaling pathway and inhibiting each other.
September 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Different fish use the same genes to regrow teeth.
150 citations
,
April 2013 in “Dermato-endocrinology” Estrogen therapy can reduce skin aging but has cancer risks.
39 citations
,
March 2008 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” GLI2 increases follistatin production in human skin cells.
22 citations
,
September 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride reduces dihydrotestosterone, increases testosterone, and may treat hirsutism in women.
195 citations
,
February 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Dutasteride and finasteride may reduce sperm count and volume but don't affect movement or shape; effects are reversible after stopping.
75 citations
,
November 1996 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride effectively reduces hair growth in women with idiopathic hirsutism, but requires careful contraception during treatment.
35 citations
,
October 2004 in “Biology of Reproduction” PNU157706 reduced rat sperm movement and fertility without affecting offspring health.
18 citations
,
July 2009 in “Drug Metabolism and Disposition” Finasteride breakdown products found in bile and urine, helps understand drug safety and effectiveness.
50 citations
,
May 2000 in “Fertility and Sterility” Flutamide reduces hair growth better but has more side effects.
29 citations
,
April 2004 in “Annals of Pharmacotherapy” Finasteride reduces hirsutism effectively with fewer side effects but is a second-choice treatment due to safety concerns.
Cadd4 effectively reduces cholesterol levels without side effects.
90 citations
,
January 2003 in “The Journal of Urology” Finasteride may reduce prostate bleeding by lowering blood vessel growth factor levels and blood vessel density in certain prostate areas.
76 citations
,
December 1997 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride reduces hair growth better, but spironolactone has more side effects.
51 citations
,
October 2019 in “Cells” Baricitinib reduces inflammation and improves cell health in premature aging cells.
7 citations
,
December 2021 in “Pharmaceutics” Natural products like plant extracts can help promote hair growth and could be used to treat hair loss.
5 citations
,
January 2018 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Curcuma aeruginosa extract lotion significantly reduces underarm hair growth.
2 citations
,
May 2023 in “Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Pterostilbene significantly reduces prostate enlargement and has strong antioxidant effects.
January 2026 in “Industrial Crops and Products” Ginsenoside Rf from Panax ginseng promotes hair growth and could be a natural alternative for treating hair loss.
17 citations
,
January 1986 in “Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica” Spironolactone can reduce hair growth and testosterone in hirsutism, but is less effective than combined treatments.
50 citations
,
August 1985 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Spironolactone reduces the enzyme activity that converts testosterone to DHT, helping treat excessive hair growth in women.
12 citations
,
August 2018 in “Psychiatry research” Estazolam reduces anxiety-like behavior in PTSD by increasing allopregnanolone levels.
10 citations
,
June 2010 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology” Finasteride reduces prostate cancer risk but may increase high-grade cancer chances.
7 citations
,
July 2019 in “Scientific Reports” Finasteride helps reduce heart enlargement in heart failure patients.
February 2026 in “Toxicology Letters” MK-0773 is a moderate inhibitor of the SRD5A2 enzyme.
Finasteride reduces prostate size and PSA levels in young patients.