August 2023 in “Fermentation” Scientists can use engineered microbes to make L-aspartate and related chemicals, but there's still room to improve their efficiency.
August 2019 in “Key engineering materials” A microemulsion with Carthamus tinctorius extract effectively inhibits 5α-reductase and improves skin and hair follicle delivery.
The enzyme Dgat1 is essential for healthy hair and skin by controlling retinoid levels.
45 citations
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September 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The enzyme 17β-HSD type 2 mainly performs oxidation in human sebaceous glands, which may help protect against acne.
January 2005 in “FJ. Fragrance journal”
1 citations
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January 2022 in “European Journal of Pharmacology” Riboflavin 5′-phosphate (FMN) shows potential for treating androgen-related conditions but may be limited in treating prostate cancer.
1 citations
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November 2024 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” July 2025 in “American Journal on Addictions” Using 5-alpha reductase inhibitors may lower the risk of opioid addiction in men taking opioids.
22 citations
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February 2002 in “Planta Medica” Compounds from Angelica koreana roots, especially osthenol, could be effective for treating conditions like prostate disease and hair loss.
The study identified a key protein involved in producing underarm odor and found ways to inhibit it.
Thai plant extracts, especially Avicennia marina, can promote hair growth by inhibiting certain enzymes and boosting growth factors.
2 citations
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October 1990 in “The Lancet” Some people have a genetic variation that makes them less effective at breaking down drugs.
10 citations
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November 2017 in “Letters in drug design & discovery” Researchers identified promising inhibitors for the BRD4 protein, including finasteride and amentoflavone.
8 citations
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April 1991 in “European journal of endocrinology” 3α-AdiolG is a good marker for androgen activity in women with excessive hair growth and decreases with anti-androgen treatment.
38 citations
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June 2018 in “Archives of Toxicology” Different species and human skin models vary in their skin enzyme activities, with pig skin and some models closely matching human skin, useful for safety assessments and understanding the skin's protective roles.
September 2025 in “Science Advances” PADI4 enzyme slows down cell growth in developing hair follicles.
5α-reductase inhibitors are effective for treating hair loss in androgenetic alopecia.
4 citations
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September 2022 in “Experimental and Сlinical Urology” 5-alpha reductase inhibitors help with benign prostatic hyperplasia but don't cure it, and more research is needed.
20 citations
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March 2005 in “Current Medicinal Chemistry” New compounds show promise for treating hair loss, enlarged prostate, and prostate cancer, with some being more effective and having different side effects than current treatments.
45 citations
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January 2012 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Too much AKR1C3 enzyme causes resistance to finasteride by increasing testosterone.
1 citations
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July 2023 in “Nature communications” MOF controls key genes for skin development by regulating mitochondrial and ciliary functions.
39 citations
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April 2018 in “Hormones” No consistent link between genotype and phenotype in 5-α-Reductase type 2 deficiency.
14 citations
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June 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”
14 citations
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February 1998 in “Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters” Some newly made compounds can block an enzyme linked to hair loss and prostate growth, with one in particular being very selective.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” PP405 may help hair growth by activating hair follicle stem cells.
17 citations
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October 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” November 2025 in “Drug Testing and Analysis” Epristeride's metabolism involves key metabolites and proteins, affecting its use in doping tests.
7 citations
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August 2010 in “Medicinal Chemistry Research” Some synthesized compounds were more effective than Finasteride in reducing prostate cancer cell growth and androgen levels.
18 citations
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February 2012 in “Experimental Dermatology” No link found between specific genes and female pattern hair loss.
FGF5 spliceosomes inhibit rabbit hair growth by affecting gene expression.