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GlossaryType I Keratin

Type I keratin is a fibrous protein that is a key structural component of hair, skin, and nails. It is classified as an acidic keratin and is primarily found in the hard tissues of the body, contributing to the strength and resilience of hair strands. In the context of hair loss, understanding type I keratin is relevant as it plays a crucial role in hair follicle health and integrity; any disruption in its production or structure can lead to weakened hair and increased susceptibility to hair loss. Distinguishing characteristics of type I keratin include its high tensile strength and its ability to form complex structures with other keratins, particularly type II keratins, to create the overall architecture of hair.

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research Novel Type I Hair Keratins K39 and K40 Are the Last to be Expressed in Differentiation of the Hair: Completion of the Human Hair Keratin Catalog

70 citations , February 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

K39 and K40 are the last keratins expressed in hair development, completing the hair keratin catalog.

research Hair follicle differentiation: expression, structure and evolutionary conservation of the hair type II keratin intermediate filament gene family

65 citations , February 1992 in “Development”

Type II keratin genes are crucial for hair follicle differentiation and have a conserved structure and expression pattern.

research A Splice Site Mutation in the Gene of the Human Type I Hair Keratin hHa1 Results in the Expression of a Tailless Keratin Isoform

28 citations , December 1997 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

A genetic mutation in the hHa1 gene creates a smaller, but still functional, hair protein without causing hair problems.

research Impact of mTORC1 inhibition on keratinocyte proliferation during skin tumor promotion in wild‐type and BK5.Akt^WT mice

8 citations , September 2013 in “Molecular carcinogenesis”

Rapamycin reduces skin cell growth and tumor development by affecting cell signaling in mice.

research The Type I Keratin 19 Possesses Distinct and Context-dependent Assembly Properties

46 citations , December 1998 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

Keratin 19 forms less stable and shorter filaments than keratin 14, giving unique traits to certain skin cells.

research A group of type I keratin genes on human chromosome 17: characterization and expression.

141 citations , February 1988 in “Molecular and Cellular Biology”

Only one K16 gene on chromosome 17 makes a functional keratin protein.

research K6irs1, K6irs2, K6irs3, and K6irs4 Represent the Inner-Root-Sheath-Specific Type II Epithelial Keratins of the Human Hair Follicle1

130 citations , April 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Four specific keratins in hair follicles help understand hair structure and function.

research A new mutation in the type II hair cortex keratin hHb1 involved in the inherited hair disorder monilethrix

100 citations , November 1997 in “Human Genetics”

A new mutation in the hHb1 keratin gene is linked to the hair disorder monilethrix.

Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21

research Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21

98 citations , June 2001 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

A cluster of sulfur-rich hair protein genes was found on chromosome 17.

research Type II Keratins Are Phosphorylated on a Unique Motif during Stress and Mitosis in Tissues and Cultured Cells

80 citations , June 2002 in “Molecular Biology of the Cell”

Type II keratins are uniquely phosphorylated during stress and mitosis, affecting their structure and function.

research Unique amino acid signatures that are evolutionarily conserved distinguish simple-type, epidermal and hair keratins

76 citations , December 2011 in “Journal of Cell Science”

Different keratin types have unique amino acid patterns that are evolutionarily conserved.

The Human Type I Keratin Gene Family: Characterization of New Hair Follicle Specific Members and Evaluation of the Chromosome 17q21.2 Gene Domain

research The human type I keratin gene family: Characterization of new hair follicle specific members and evaluation of the chromosome 17q21.2 gene domain

70 citations , December 2004 in “Differentiation”

The study identified and characterized new keratin genes linked to hair follicles and epithelial tissues.

research Three cDNA sequences of mouse type I keratins. Cellular localization of the mRNAs in normal and hyperproliferative tissues.

57 citations , January 1987 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

Different keratins have unique expression patterns in mouse skin cells.

research A gene for monilethrix is closely linked to the type II keratin gene cluster at 12q13

54 citations , January 1995 in “Human Molecular Genetics”

Monilethrix is linked to a gene cluster on chromosome 12.

research Sequence Data and Chromosomal Localization of Human Type I and Type II Hair Keratin Genes

52 citations , October 1995 in “Experimental Cell Research”

Human hair keratin genes hHa2 and hHb1 are located on chromosomes 17 and 12.

research A family of type I keratin genes and the homeobox-2 gene complex are closely linked to the rex locus on mouse chromosome 11

49 citations , October 1989 in “Genomics”

Type I keratin genes are closely linked to the rex locus on mouse chromosome 11, affecting hair development.

research A Group of Type I Keratin Genes on Human Chromosome 17: Characterization and Expression

38 citations , February 1988 in “Molecular and Cellular Biology”

Only one of the two K16 genes on chromosome 17 makes a functional protein for keratin filaments.

Type I Keratin 17 Protein Is Phosphorylated on Serine 44 by p90 Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 1 in a Growth- and Stress-Dependent Fashion

research Type I Keratin 17 Protein Is Phosphorylated on Serine 44 by p90 Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 1 (RSK1) in a Growth- and Stress-dependent Fashion

30 citations , December 2011 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

Keratin 17 is modified by RSK1 in response to growth and stress, affecting skin growth and stress response.

research A homozygous missense variant in type I keratin KRT25 causes autosomal recessive woolly hair

29 citations , July 2015 in “Journal of Medical Genetics”

A genetic variant in the KRT25 gene causes tightly curled hair.

research Mapping of monilethrix to the type II keratin gene cluster at chromosome 12q13 in three new families, including one with variable expressivity

21 citations , September 1997 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Monilethrix is linked to the type II keratin gene on chromosome 12q13.

research Sequence analyses of Type I and Type II chains in human hair and epithelial keratin intermediate filaments: Promiscuous obligate heterodimers, Type II template for molecule formation and a rationale for heterodimer formation

19 citations , December 2006 in “Journal of Structural Biology”

Type I and Type II keratin chains can form heterodimers despite sequence differences.

research Complete sequence of a hair-like intermediate filament type II keratin gene

15 citations , January 1993 in “DNA sequence”

KRT2.13 gene is similar to KRT2.9 but not expressed in hair follicles.

research The Human Type II Keratin Gene Cluster on Chromosome 12q13.13: Final Count or Hidden Secrets?

9 citations , February 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The document concludes that the human keratin gene cluster is complex, with a need for updated naming to reflect over 50 functional genes important for hair and skin biology.

research Seasonal Variability in Transcript Expression of Type I and Type II Keratins in Wool Follicles of Lustrous Fleece-Producing Magra Sheep

1 citations , February 2023 in “Journal of Natural Fibers”

Higher keratin protein levels are important for the wool's shine in Magra sheep.

research Sequence and Expression of Murine Type I Hair Keratins mHa2 and mHa3

47 citations , June 1994 in “Experimental Cell Research”

mHa2 and mHa3 keratins have different structures and roles in mouse hair and tongue tissues.

research Promoting effect of type 17 collagen production by chlorogenic acid using PLGA nanoparticles in the human epidermal keratinocyte cell

8 citations , February 2020 in “Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology”

Encapsulating chlorogenic acid in nanoparticles boosts type 17 collagen production, potentially aiding skin care.

research 583 Induction of type 17 collagen decreases ultraviolet b-induced cellular senescence in human htert/ker-ct keratinocytes

July 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Increasing type 17 collagen reduces aging signs in skin cells caused by UV light.