April 2019 in “Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo)” Hair straightening at pH 1.0 improves alignment but weakens hair more than pH 2.0.
23 citations
,
June 2014 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Glyoxylic acid is a safer alternative to formaldehyde for hair straightening and effectively changes hair structure.
3 citations
,
June 2019 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Lower pH straighteners change hair more but weaken it.
October 2025 in “Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation” Hair-straightening products with glyoxylic acid can cause kidney damage.
November 2022 in “International journal of trichology” Glyoxylic acid straighteners cause more protein loss but have similar hair strength effects as traditional alkaline straighteners.
2 citations
,
January 2022 in “Anais brasileiros de dermatologia/Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” Chemical hair straighteners can cause scalp and hair damage, but long-term effects are unclear.
13 citations
,
March 2017 in “Skin Research and Technology” Formaldehyde damages curly hair more than glyoxylic acid.
1 citations
,
June 2021 in “Preprints.org” Hair relaxers and straighteners can be toxic to skin cells.
4 citations
,
January 2021 in “Skin appendage disorders” Hair straightening can damage hair and pose health risks, including exposure to carcinogens and hair loss.
18 citations
,
July 2015 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Straightening and coloring hair, especially with sodium hydroxide, greatly increases protein loss.
November 2025 in “Contact Dermatitis” Hair straightening products with glyoxylic acid can cause skin irritation and kidney damage.
January 2011 in “Yearbook of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery” Hair relaxers are linked to reduced cystine levels and potential hair damage.
3 citations
,
January 2009 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Using both TGA and DTDG in hair straightening reduces hair damage compared to using TGA alone.
December 2025 in “Biopolymers” Heat worsens damage in chemically treated hair, especially bleached and straightened hair.
December 2000 in “Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology” Hair care products are regulated, with shampoos, conditioners, dyes, and styling products designed for cleaning, enhancing, and maintaining hair.
February 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A new amino acid derivative, ATS, improves hair texture and moisture, making it easier to straighten curly hair.
December 2022 in “European journal of internal medicine” Hair straightening treatments can cause serious kidney damage, especially if you have skin issues.
3 citations
,
January 2004 in “Sen i Gakkaishi” DTDG in hair treatments reduces damage and preserves hair structure.
8 citations
,
October 2014 in “Journal of analytical toxicology.” Chemical hair straightening significantly reduces detectable drug levels in hair.
20 citations
,
July 1988 in “Clinics in dermatology” Thioglycolate lotions are the most popular method for permanent waving and hair straightening.
October 2015 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” Hair straightening changes hair structure and can cause damage if done wrong, but improvements in the methods are expected to continue.
March 2010 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” Hair straightening methods have advanced to improve effectiveness and reduce damage, but still rely on heat and chemicals.
1 citations
,
January 2018 in “Journal of cosmetology & trichology” Hair loss lotion with specific ingredients effectively improves hair growth and thickness safely.
Water and fatty acids affect hair's surface differently based on hair damage, and models can help understand hair-cosmetic interactions.
1 citations
,
April 2021 in “Han'gug miyong haghoeji/Journal of the Korean society of cosmetology” Aspartic acid at 0.75% makes perms more effective and less damaging to hair.
August 2021 in “International Journal of Research in Dermatology” Modern hair straightening improves manageability and strength while maintaining natural waves.
43 citations
,
January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology” The article concludes that advancements in hair cosmetics require dermatologists to stay informed about products and their potential risks, including allergies and higher risks for hairdressers.
73 citations
,
October 2013 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Chemical hair straightening can damage hair and health, needing safer alternatives and stricter regulations.
54 citations
,
September 2000 in “Archives of dermatology” A hair-straightening product caused widespread hair loss and scalp injuries, mainly affecting African American women.
1 citations
,
October 2021 in “Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery/Indian journal of plastic surgery” Proper hair care and safe use of hair products are crucial for those with hair loss.