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Acne lesions start with changes in hair follicles and increase in inflammation, suggesting a cycle that could affect treatment strategies.

Many adults in Porto have acne, but few know or treat it.

Women with acne have lower levels of a specific hormone marker than women without acne.

Using anabolic steroids 'Sus' and 'Deca' for bodybuilding caused severe acne in a man.

Topical therapies show promise for hair loss and acne treatment with minimal side effects.

Acne in dark skin is influenced by environmental factors and can lead to hyperpigmentation, with various treatment options available.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) often leads to severe acne, and lifestyle changes and hormonal treatments can help manage it.

Near-infrared laser therapy with Indocyanine Green dye improves acne by reducing inflammation without side effects.

Impaired skin barrier function worsens acne.

Spironolactone is effective and safe for treating acne in women, especially those over 25 with hormonal imbalances.

Raising awareness about PCOS can improve women's quality of life.

Patients with acne vulgaris have lower serum irisin levels.

Spironolactone may be a better acne treatment for adult women than antibiotics.

Non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH) can mimic PCOS and requires genetic testing for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Acne is linked to inflammation and insulin resistance, and is associated with various syndromes that require different treatments.

Shorter CAG repeats may cause hair and skin issues, while longer ones may link to acne.

Male hormones are important for hair and oil gland development and can cause conditions like excessive hair growth and acne.

Hidradenitis suppurativa may be related to hormones and patients often have metabolic disorders; more research is needed to understand this connection.

New acne treatments include combination creams, advanced retinoids, and light therapies, focusing on safety and patient adherence.

Pubertal acne is linked to hormonal changes, affects quality of life, and is treated similarly to adult acne.

Hormonal treatments can improve acne, but they come with potential side effects and risks.

Some skin medications are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but others can harm the baby and should be avoided.

Insulin-lowering medications show promise for PCOS symptoms but can't be the main treatment yet due to limited long-term research.

ALA-photodynamic therapy helps reduce acne by causing acne cell death and lowering certain skin protein levels.

Isotretinoin improves severe acne without changing androgen or insulin levels but may increase body weight and triglycerides.

Some skin medications can harm male fertility, but they don't seem to cause birth defects from father's exposure.

Start acne treatment early to prevent scarring, consider antibiotic resistance, use maintenance therapy, and manage side effects carefully.

Some skin medications are safe for pregnant women, but others pose risks or should not be used.

Old drugs can be used for new treatments, saving time and money, but there are challenges like needing more evidence and legal concerns.

Glycemic control medications for Type 2 diabetes can affect skin conditions like psoriasis.