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Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

Calcium affects where root hairs grow, but other unknown factors determine their growth direction.

A gene called APCDD1, which controls hair growth, is found to be faulty in a type of hair loss called hereditary hypotrichosis simplex.

Use minoxidil for hair loss; finasteride and dutasteride for men, dutasteride for women.

WNT10A mutations often cause ectodermal dysplasias, with males showing more tooth issues than females.

Dermoscopy helps diagnose and manage alopecia areata by showing specific hair changes.

Visible light can damage skin and most sunscreens don't block it well; more research is needed on its effects and protection methods.

Dermatologists need to understand hair products to treat hair and scalp issues better.

A new microneedle patch made from hair proteins helps regrow hair faster and better than current treatments.

Targeted cancer therapies often cause serious skin problems that need careful management.

Alopecia areata is likely an autoimmune disease with unclear triggers, involving various immune cells and molecules, and currently has no cure.

Some herbal therapies may help with skin conditions, but more research is needed to confirm their safety and effectiveness.

Hair and wool have complex microscopic structures with microfibrils and varying cystine content.

Women with PCOS are more likely to have impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes, especially if they are Asian or obese.

Regulatory T-cells are important for healing and regenerating tissues in various organs by controlling immune responses and aiding stem cells.

Estrogens can improve skin aging but carry risks; more research is needed on safer treatments.

Men are more likely to have severe COVID-19 cases and fatalities than women due to factors like lifestyle, aging, and biological differences.

Melatonin may benefit skin health and could be a promising treatment in dermatology.

Skin cells produce and activate vitamin D, which regulates skin functions and supports hair growth.

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss due to the immune system attacking hair follicles, often influenced by genetics and stress.

Hair follicle dermal stem cells are key for regenerating parts of the hair follicle and determining hair type.

Biotinidase deficiency has various symptoms and can be treated with biotin supplements.

Essential oils in cosmetics can offer benefits but may cause allergies and should be used carefully.

The 2003 guidelines suggest that while some treatments can regrow hair in alopecia areata, none alter the disease's progression, and wigs may be the best option for extensive hair loss.

Androgens can help prevent memory problems caused by apoE4.

Menopause can lead to skin and hair problems due to hormonal changes, but hormone replacement therapy might help slow these effects.

Hair loss affects self-esteem and quality of life; treatments can help.

Oral antiandrogens effectively treat female hair loss, with better results in higher hair loss grades.

Hair loss in men is common, treatable, but not curable.

New effective scar treatments are urgently needed due to the current options' limited success.