April 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Enfortumab vedotin can cause skin issues, especially in older males, needing early monitoring.
2 citations
,
January 2020 in “Einstein (São Paulo)” Topical tofacitinib shows promise as a future treatment for alopecia areata.
25 citations
,
December 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” Targeted cytokine treatments may help with alopecia areata, but more research is needed.
47 citations
,
December 2019 in “Frontiers in immunology” A new mutation in the STING protein causes a range of symptoms and its severity may be affected by other genetic variations; treatment with a specific inhibitor showed improvement in one patient.
39 citations
,
March 2008 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Etanercept may cause lichen planopilaris, so doctors should be cautious.
17 citations
,
January 2015 in “Dermatology online journal” A patient's grey hair regained color during treatment with adalimumab.
May 2015 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Both treatments help with hair regrowth in alopecia areata, but azathioprine has milder side effects than betamethasone.
1 citations
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September 2022 in “Nepal journal of dermatology, venereology & leprology” Apremilast shows promise for several skin conditions but needs more research.
January 2026 in “Medicina” JAK inhibitors show promise for treating various skin disorders effectively and safely.
46 citations
,
October 2018 in “JCI insight” CD8+ T cells are involved in alopecia areata and may cause disease relapse.
Amotosalen-treated donor T-cells can prevent late CMV infection after bone marrow transplants.
October 2023 in “Indian journal of ophthalmology. Case reports” A woman lost vision in one eye after a forehead injection, but prompt treatment led to partial vision recovery.
3 citations
,
January 2011 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology” Switching to a twice-weekly betamethasone treatment led to full hair regrowth in alopecia areata without side effects.
1 citations
,
July 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Tofacitinib helps improve skin conditions in people with Down syndrome, especially alopecia areata.
6 citations
,
May 2023 in “Drugs” Baricitinib helps regrow hair in adults with severe alopecia better than a placebo and is approved for treatment, but long-term effects are still unknown.
8 citations
,
February 2024 in “Burns”
42 citations
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January 1998 in “BioDrugs” Azathioprine's effectiveness and safety require careful monitoring and more research, especially regarding its use with corticosteroids and the role of TPMT status in patients.
December 2023 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” Tofacitinib is effective for treating alopecia areata, and starting treatment early may improve results.
July 2025 in “SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine” Ritlecitinib effectively improves hair regrowth and physician satisfaction in severe alopecia areata over time.
July 2025 in “The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine” Both treatments improved alopecia areata, but methotrexate caused more skin darkening, while triamcinolone caused skin lightening and thinning.
Using a combination of AMD3100 and FK506 can speed up and improve wound healing in diabetic rats.
May 2025 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Ritlecitinib is effective for long-term hair regrowth in alopecia areata, especially in females and early treatment.
3 citations
,
April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Tofacitinib, a JAK inhibitor, improved hair regrowth in most patients with severe alopecia areata and had minimal side effects.
28 citations
,
January 2016 in “Dermatology” Methotrexate with corticosteroids can effectively treat severe alopecia areata but often requires long-term maintenance.
1 citations
,
February 2024 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Baricitinib effectively promotes long-term hair regrowth in alopecia areata patients.
October 2022 in “International journal of dermatology and venereology” A woman's sudden hair loss was linked to azathioprine use despite normal enzyme levels, and improved after stopping the drug and starting treatment.
February 2016 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” JAK inhibitors may help treat alopecia areata by reversing hair loss.
4 citations
,
November 2023 in “Frontiers in immunology” New treatments targeting T-cell pathways are needed for better alopecia areata management.
25 citations
,
July 2013 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas” Acitretin is effective for severe psoriasis and can be used long-term due to no immunosuppression, but must be carefully monitored for side effects and is not for pregnant women.
March 2026 in “SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine” Ritlecitinib is being tested for safety and effectiveness in young children with severe alopecia areata.