56 citations
,
September 2010 in “Veterinary pathology” Certain mouse strains develop a skin condition similar to a human hair loss disease due to genetic defects.
38 citations
,
June 2018 in “Archives of Toxicology” Different species and human skin models vary in their skin enzyme activities, with pig skin and some models closely matching human skin, useful for safety assessments and understanding the skin's protective roles.
232 citations
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January 2002 in “Mechanisms of development” Different enzymes are active in different parts of developing mouse organs.
50 citations
,
September 2011 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids” Maintaining the right amount of retinoic acid is crucial for healthy hair and skin.
22 citations
,
October 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Altered retinoid metabolism in cicatricial alopecia suggests a balanced vitamin A diet may prevent the condition.
Certain plasma proteins and genes are linked to obstructive sleep apnea, suggesting potential new treatments.
Understanding hair surface properties is key for effective hair care products.
March 2026 in “JID Innovations” Aire mutation reduces alopecia areata, while Notch4 mutation prevents it in mice.
September 2025 in “Science Advances” PADI4 enzyme slows down cell growth in developing hair follicles.
26 citations
,
March 2006 in “Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders. Drug targets” This enzyme helps metabolize fatty acids and isoleucine, and could be key in treating neurological diseases and certain cancers.
354 citations
,
August 1991 in “Molecular Endocrinology” Human adrenals and gonads have a unique enzyme for steroid hormone production.
13 citations
,
August 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Mutations in the DSG4 gene cause fragile, sparse hair in humans, mice, and rats.
January 2009 in “ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)” The P133R mutation in AKR1D1 enzyme causes harmful bile acid buildup, explaining related health issues.
22 citations
,
November 2016 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Vitamin D receptor is important for regulating hair growth and wound healing in mice.
56 citations
,
November 2007 in “Molecular and cellular endocrinology” Two enzymes regulate androgen receptor activity, affecting treatments for androgen insufficiency and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
19 citations
,
March 2017 in “Scientific Reports” HAT-L4 is crucial for preventing body fluid loss by maintaining skin barrier integrity.
33 citations
,
October 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” A specific gene mutation causes sparse, brittle hair in a family.
39 citations
,
August 1998 in “FEBS Letters” Two new enzymes, PAD-R11 and PAD-R4, were cloned and showed activity, with PAD-R11 resembling epidermal enzymes.
1 citations
,
December 2015 in “Parkinsonism & Related Disorders” The anti-hangover product may boost enzyme activity to help prevent brain damage.
11 citations
,
June 1979 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The enzyme system in hair follicles is similar to the liver's and is affected by certain inhibitors.
35 citations
,
August 2009 in “Differentiation” Desmoglein 4 is controlled by specific proteins that affect hair growth.
13 citations
,
January 1997 in “Biochemical Pharmacology” Human liver enzyme DHEA ST helps process minoxidil.
124 citations
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November 2000 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” PAD3 plays a key role in hair and skin protein structure and may be linked to skin diseases.
2 citations
,
January 1975 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Certain enzymes react strongly with some hormones in rat skin during hair growth, mainly in sebaceous glands and hair sheaths.
December 2022 in “Scientific Reports” Compound 4 is a promising treatment for hair loss with low toxicity.
August 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The enzyme CD73 helps control human hair growth and could be targeted to treat hair growth disorders.
The enzyme Dgat1 is essential for healthy hair and skin by controlling retinoid levels.
1 citations
,
September 1986 in “Journal of the Forensic Science Society” Hair root sheaths can be used to accurately analyze genetic markers.
16 citations
,
April 2024 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” HDAC4 and HDAC7 are crucial for Th17 cell development and could be targeted to treat inflammatory diseases.
26 citations
,
September 1999 in “Canadian Journal of Botany” The RHD4 gene is crucial for consistent root hair growth in Arabidopsis thaliana.