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December 2012 in “Current opinion in genetics & development” Turing patterns are now recognized as important in developmental biology.
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January 1979 in “International review of cytology” Wool follicles are complex, involving interactions between different cell types and structures.
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July 2008 in “Development” BMP2 and BMP7 have opposite roles in feather formation.
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December 2001 in “Experimental dermatology” Mutant mice help researchers understand hair growth and related genetic factors.
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December 2018 in “Genetics in Medicine” Pegvaliase is recommended for treating adults with phenylketonuria.
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October 2014 in “PLoS Genetics” Wnt signaling is essential for forming the skin's spinous layer through a BMP-FGF pathway.
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January 1995 in “The American Journal of Medicine” Hair loss in androgenetic alopecia is caused by genetic factors and androgen excess, and can be treated with combined therapies.
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April 2016 in “Science Advances” Researchers created a fully functional, bioengineered skin system with hair from stem cells that successfully integrated when transplanted into mice.
75 citations
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May 1986 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” Male hormones are important for hair and oil gland development and can cause conditions like excessive hair growth and acne.
74 citations
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January 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Four genetic risk spots found for hair loss, with WNT signaling involved and a link to curly hair.
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October 1998 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” The 190-kbp domain contains all human type I hair keratin genes, showing their organization and evolution.
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February 2015 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery” Topical drugs and near-infrared light therapy show potential for treating alopecia.
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December 2004 in “Differentiation” The study identified and characterized new keratin genes linked to hair follicles and epithelial tissues.
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April 2014 in “Journal of Molecular Endocrinology” The document concludes that targeting the androgen receptor may be a promising breast cancer treatment, especially for certain types.
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December 2009 in “Stem Cells” β-Catenin signaling is involved in brain cell growth after injury and could be a therapy target.
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December 2008 in “Developmental Biology” Msx2 and Foxn1 are both crucial for hair growth and health.
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January 2007 in “Climacteric” Estrogens and SERMs can help with skin aging, but their safety and effectiveness need more research.
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September 2005 in “Photochemical & photobiological sciences” We don't fully understand how sunlight damages different types of hair.
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March 2018 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Skin problems can be caused or worsened by physical forces and pressure on the skin.
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September 2010 in “Journal of the Neurological Sciences” Kennedy's disease leads to muscle weakness and sensory issues, has no cure but manageable symptoms, and future treatments look promising.
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July 1993 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Hair growth is influenced by interactions between skin layers, growth factors, and hormones, but the exact mechanisms are not fully understood.
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August 1998 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Genetics and hormones cause hair loss; finasteride treats it safely.
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January 2006 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” High levels of testosterone and 5α-DHT can lead to cell death in cells important for hair growth.
57 citations
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March 2019 in “Immunity” The document concludes that the skin's immune system is complex, involving interactions with hair follicles, nerves, and microbes, and can protect or cause disease, offering targets for new treatments.
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November 2017 in “Nature Communications” Researchers found 71 genetic regions linked to male pattern baldness, which account for 38% of its genetic risk.
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February 2013 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Improving the environment and cell interactions is key for creating human hair in the lab.
56 citations
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January 2015 in “Circulation” Finasteride helps reduce heart issues and improves heart function.
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September 2013 in “Experimental Dermatology” The guide explains how to study human and mouse sebaceous glands using various staining and imaging techniques, and emphasizes the need for standardized assessment methods.
56 citations
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February 2010 in “PLOS ONE” Blocking Wnt signaling in young mice causes thymus shrinkage and cell loss, but recovery is possible when the block is removed.
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November 2017 in “Scientific Reports” The study found that certain microRNAs are higher in the cells and lower in the fluid of women with a specific type of polycystic ovary syndrome, and one microRNA could potentially help diagnose the condition.