Chemical treatments weaken hair's thermal stability and structure.
Thermal straightening can damage ethnic hair and may pose health risks.
52 citations
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February 2005 in “Biopolymers” Chemical hair straightening changes hair proteins and mostly fixes broken bonds.
August 2025 in “Clinical Toxicology” Hair-straightening products with glyoxylic acid may cause kidney damage.
November 2017 in “Koubunshi rombunshuu/Kōbunshi ronbunshū” Hematin in shampoo helps repair and straighten damaged hair.
November 2025 in “Contact Dermatitis” Hair straightening products with glyoxylic acid can cause skin irritation and kidney damage.
December 2022 in “European journal of internal medicine” Hair straightening treatments can cause serious kidney damage, especially if you have skin issues.
August 2021 in “International Journal of Research in Dermatology” Modern hair straightening improves manageability and strength while maintaining natural waves.
25 citations
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May 2008 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Conditioning agents, especially jojoba oil and lauryl PEG/PPG-18/18 methicone, protect and strengthen chemically straightened Afro-ethnic hair.
5 citations
,
June 2019 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Chemical hair straightening may be linked to a type of permanent hair loss.
December 2025 in “Universal library of medical and health sciences.” Amino acids like arginine and cysteine protect hair during chemical treatments, keeping it strong and less brittle.
3 citations
,
May 2009 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Relaxer treatments damage African–American hair, with commercial products causing more harm than lab-made solutions.
2 citations
,
January 1981 High temperatures and certain chemicals can significantly change the amino acid content in human hair.
February 2022 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” Permanent hair waving uses chemicals to create long-lasting curls.
40 citations
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June 2013 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Brazilian keratin treatments can straighten hair but may contain harmful formaldehyde.
September 2018 in “University of the Arts London Research Online (University of the Arts London)” L-arginine, hydrolysed keratin, and cystine-silanol copolymer can help protect hair from damage during and after bleaching.
4 citations
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August 2014 in “Journal of molecular structure” Chemical treatments on bleached black hair change its internal structure by breaking and reforming bonds, and treatments with hydrolyzed eggwhite protein help repair it.
November 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Oxidative dyes damage hair more than semi-permanent dyes, but new technologies help protect hair while coloring.
4 citations
,
May 2014 in “PubMed” Monoethanolamine-based hair colorants can cause more damage to hair than ammonia-based ones.
7 citations
,
May 2021 in “Applied sciences” Proteins like BSA and keratin can effectively style hair and protect it, offering eco-friendly alternatives to chemical products.
2 citations
,
June 2018 in “Cosmetics” AMPD is a better and less damaging alternative to ammonium hydroxide for hair bleaching.
4 citations
,
June 2022 in “Journal of cleaner production” New eco-friendly method strengthens and sets hair using light and causes less damage.
November 2025 in “International Journal of Science and Research Archive” Oxidative dyes damage hair more than semi-permanent dyes, but new technologies help protect hair while coloring.
18 citations
,
January 2008 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Thioglycolic acid and L-cysteine change hair structure differently during perms, affecting hair strength and curling efficiency.
1 citations
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June 2014 in “[Thesis]. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester; 2014.” Chemical modifications can alter hair's stability and flexibility, with hydrophobic interactions helping maintain structure in humid conditions.
November 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Hair dyeing changes hair structure, but new technologies help protect hair while coloring.
12 citations
,
November 2019 in “South African Medical Journal” Lye and no-lye hair relaxers can damage skin.
July 2023 in “Nature Reviews Chemistry” A new method strengthens hair without using harmful chemicals.
3 citations
,
January 2004 in “Sen i Gakkaishi” DTDG in hair treatments reduces damage and preserves hair structure.
28 citations
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January 2016 in “RSC Advances” A non-toxic formula using polycarboxylic acids strengthens and improves hair.