Bicalutamide does not significantly affect liver enzymes and is a safe anti-androgen option for transfeminine individuals.
91 citations
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May 2005 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A new mutation in the human glucocorticoid receptor reduces its function and causes resistance to glucocorticoids.
78 citations
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August 2012 in “Human molecular genetics online/Human molecular genetics” A new gene, JMJD1C, may affect testosterone levels in men.
95 citations
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January 2012 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Androgens block hair growth by disrupting cell signals; targeting GSK-3 may help treat hair loss.
47 citations
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October 2016 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Androgens prevent hair growth by changing Wnt signals in cells.
9 citations
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January 2005 in “Experimental dermatology” Melatonin receptors in hair follicles help regulate hair growth and could treat hair loss.
8 citations
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March 2012 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone have similar effects on body composition and metabolic health in men.
4 citations
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July 2020 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications” A protein called ectodysplasin-A2 increases a hair growth inhibitor in balding cells, which could be a target for hair loss treatment.
2 citations
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August 2023 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Excess maternal androgens can cause heart problems in offspring.
The vitamin D receptor has many roles in the body beyond managing calcium, affecting the immune system, hair growth, muscles, fat, bone marrow, and cancer cells.
222 citations
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October 2014 in “Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology” Eph receptors and ephrins may be promising targets for treating diseases, but more understanding is needed for effective and safe therapies.
91 citations
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May 2003 in “American Journal of Pathology” Prolactin affects hair growth cycles and can cause early hair follicle regression.
12 citations
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June 2019 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Allopregnanolone is needed for certain brain processing issues caused by D1 dopamine receptor activation.
9 citations
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August 2000 in “Journal of Periodontal Research” Finasteride reduces testosterone conversion, progesterone lessens this, and levamisole enhances finasteride's effect.
December 2022 in “Urology Herald” Hormonal status from androgen deprivation therapy may affect COVID-19 severity in men.
343 citations
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October 2015 in “Endocrine Practice” The guide recommends specific methods for diagnosing PCOS and various treatments for its symptoms, while considering the health impacts on adolescents.
January 2026 in “Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience” Neurosteroids like neuro-estrogen and neuro-androgen are crucial for brain function and can improve cognition and protect against aging-related decline.
506 citations
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January 2012 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.
29 citations
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January 2006 in “Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine” SHBG binding properties are unchanged in male liver cirrhosis patients.
118 citations
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May 2003 in “Toxicological Sciences” Exposure to finasteride in the womb caused lasting reproductive issues in male rats.
37 citations
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March 2006 in “Regulatory Peptides” Mice skin has components that could help with hair growth and might be used for diabetes treatment.
815 citations
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April 2010 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Women with PCOS should be screened for heart disease risk and manage their health to prevent it.
7 citations
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April 2006 in “Experimental Neurology” Finasteride blocks deoxycorticosterone's anticonvulsant effects in infant rats, but indomethacin doesn't.
7 citations
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January 2017 in “Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Certain compounds from Panax ginseng can block proteins that affect hair growth, potentially helping treat hair loss.
32 citations
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November 1996 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Antiandrogens can help treat skin conditions like acne and excessive hair in women when used carefully.
78 citations
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January 2000 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Norgestimate is the most effective birth control progestin for reducing an enzyme linked to acne and excessive hair growth in women.
77 citations
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July 2020 in “European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology” Blocking the virus's entry into cells by targeting certain pathways could lead to early COVID-19 treatments.
76 citations
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December 2009 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Hormonal treatments can help with acne but are not the first choice due to side effects and the need for careful patient selection.
49 citations
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June 1998 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Cyproterone acetate plus ethinyl estradiol is generally more effective in treating hirsutism, but consider side effects and patient characteristics.
38 citations
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October 1996 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Certain hormone treatments can improve acne and related conditions in women.