11 citations
,
February 2013 in “Clinical Endocrinology” A small number of premenopausal female blood donors had high prolactin levels, often due to stress, and retesting is recommended to prevent misdiagnosis.
278 citations
,
August 2004 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” Polycystic ovaries are defined by having 12 or more small follicles in each ovary and are found in up to 33% of women, while Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common hormone disorder in women of reproductive age, potentially increasing risk of obesity, diabetes, and heart diseases.
June 2018 in “Global Journal of Reproductive Medicine” Idiopathic hirsutism may be linked to increased skin enzyme activity, and new treatments like laser and eflornithine cream show promise.
January 2012 in “Medical Journal of Babylon” March 2026 in “International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology” Homeopathy helped a 22-year-old woman with PCOS have regular periods.
7 citations
,
January 2015 in “Case reports in endocrinology” The document concludes that HAIR-AN syndrome should be considered when a patient shows severe hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance after excluding tumors.
5 citations
,
July 1987 in “European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology” The treatment temporarily improved symptoms of hyperandrogenism in adolescents.
December 1982 in “PubMed” Hormonal contraceptives are highly effective but require medical evaluation due to potential health risks.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Glucocorticoid treatment lowered androgen levels but didn't improve hirsutism or ovulation and caused weight gain.
November 2025 in “Journal of Kufa for Chemical Sciences” L-Selectin and adiponectin can help identify PCOS patients who respond to Metformin treatment.
29 citations
,
January 2009 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Women with PCOS have higher levels of certain blood clotting factors, suggesting a greater risk of cardiovascular issues.
September 2023 in “Deleted Journal” Lifestyle changes improve reproductive function and hormonal balance in obese women with PCOS.
June 1995 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” Cabergoline is more effective and has fewer side effects than bromocriptine for treating women with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Ovarian stromal hyperplasia can cause high testosterone in postmenopausal women and is treated by removing the ovaries.
November 2023 in “Manuju” Treating hyperprolactinemia can help manage PCOS symptoms.
September 2025 in “PubMed” Hirsutism in women is linked to PCOS and can cause health issues if untreated.
3 citations
,
March 2007 in “Canadian Medical Association Journal” Women with PCOS should have an oral glucose tolerance test for effective diabetes screening.
January 2020 in “Case reports in endocrinology” Removing one ovary helped treat a woman's severe PCOS symptoms when medicine didn't work.
1947 citations
,
September 1995 in “New England journal of medicine/The New England journal of medicine” PCOS is a common hormonal disorder causing irregular periods and increased hair growth, linked to insulin resistance and long-term health issues.
September 2019 in “Mağallaẗ Tikrīt li-l-ʻulūm al-ṣirfaẗ” Women with PCOS have higher levels of certain hormones compared to healthy women, and these levels vary with BMI, age, and treatment type.
16 citations
,
August 2014 in “International Journal of Women's Health” The estradiol valerate/dienogest oral contraceptive helps with heavy periods, may improve acne and symptoms in PCOS, and doesn't affect sexual function.
September 2021 in “Fertility and Sterility” Older men have different fertility histories and factors affecting fertility, suggesting they may benefit from earlier fertility evaluations.
January 2022 in “Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences” Women with PCOS risk had normal height and blood tests but higher weight and common acne or hirsutism.
3 citations
,
January 2013 in “Egyptian Liver Journal” Many young Egyptian women with PCOS also have fatty liver disease, especially if they are overweight and insulin resistant.
3 citations
,
March 1992 in “Journal of clinical pathology” Most women with excess hair growth need only a clinical evaluation and minimal tests unless they show signs of virilism.
88 citations
,
June 2016 in “Human Reproduction Update” New hormonal contraceptives are safer, have fewer side effects, and offer health benefits for women.
2 citations
,
February 2021 in “Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports” A teenage girl had both a rare ovarian tumor and a severe form of polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Women with acne and hair loss, even if they have regular periods, often have polycystic ovary syndrome.
March 2012 in “Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology” Androgen levels do not determine the type of PCOS symptoms in young females.
December 2006 in “Annales D Endocrinologie” Estrogen-progestin contraception lowers ovarian, endometrial, and colon cancer risk but may raise breast and cervical cancer risk, helps with menstrual and acne issues, and new methods are as effective as pills. Metformin helps overweight women with PCOS and insulin resistance, and dopamine agonists treat prolactinomas.