93 citations
,
June 2001 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.
68 citations
,
June 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.
50 citations
,
May 2004 in “Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” Estrogens generally inhibit hair growth and improve skin quality, but their exact effects on hair follicles are complex and not fully understood.
23 citations
,
September 2015 in “International Journal of Molecular Medicine” Activating ER-β, not ER-α, improves skin cell growth and wound healing.
11 citations
,
July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” Estrogens are key for bone growth spurts in both boys and girls and affect growth into adulthood.
3 citations
,
February 2019 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” The effects of estrogen on human scalp hair growth are unclear and need more research.
3 citations
,
January 2018 in “Reproduction, Fertility and Development” Birth control pills increase certain receptor activities in female gerbil prostate glands and can lead to prostate changes.
77 citations
,
April 2004 in “Gene expression patterns” The three estrogen receptor genes are highly expressed in zebrafish neuromasts during development.
25 citations
,
November 2013 in “PLoS ONE” Estrogen and androgen signals control synaptic changes in rat brains.
13 citations
,
December 2012 in “Frontiers in bioscience” Vitamin D and estrogen may help protect heart and kidney health, and maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels could be especially beneficial for African Americans, postmenopausal women, and people with chronic kidney disease.
6 citations
,
January 2010 in “Neoplasma” Certain gene patterns in breast cancer are linked to how active hormone receptors are and could affect patient survival.
December 2014 in “Bali Medical Journal” Females have higher estrogen receptor levels in hair than males, and these levels decrease in white hair compared to black hair.
113 citations
,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Cyproterone acetate-estrogen most effective for hirsutism, but consider side effects and patient needs.
23 citations
,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” All treatments reduce hair growth; low dose flutamide most effective with fewer side effects.
18 citations
,
January 1998 in “Endocrine” RU58841, a nonsteroidal anti-androgen, showed potential as a topical treatment for hair loss, increasing hair density, thickness, and length without systemic side effects in Stumptailed Macaques.
9 citations
,
March 2020 in “Gene” Certain gene variants in estrogen receptors are linked to polycystic ovary syndrome, mainly affecting metabolism, in Tunisian women.
February 2024 in “Hormones” Future hormone therapy trials should match the diverse needs and priorities of the gender-diverse community.
December 2012 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Estrogen increases a growth factor in hair cells which might affect hair loss.
26 citations
,
February 2009 in “Drug Development Research” 17α-estradiol is a safe estrogen that might protect the brain and doesn't cause feminization, needing more research for treating brain diseases.
July 2021 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Alopecia patients have less GPER-1, which might affect hair loss.
15 citations
,
January 1998 in “Journal of Clinical Periodontology” Finasteride helps treat hair loss by blocking enzyme activity.
4 citations
,
September 2024 in “Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia” Bruguiera gymnorhiza leaf extracts show potential for developing anti-inflammatory drugs.
January 2024 in “Biological & clinical sciences research journal” Apigenin, found in plants and vegetables, has many health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects.
July 2005 in “SKINmed/Skinmed” BRL 7660, once studied for male contraception, showed promise as an acne treatment but was not developed further due to competing drugs.
22 citations
,
March 2000 in “Clinical endocrinology” Most patients experienced hirsutism again after stopping hormone treatment, indicating long-term treatment is needed to maintain results.
May 2022 in “Pharmacognosy journal” Moringa seed oil may help prevent hair loss and promote hair growth.
November 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Taking vitamin C and vitamin E twice a day can help prevent sunburn and DNA damage from UVB exposure.
76 citations
,
May 2007 in “Menopause International” After menopause, women lose a lot of skin collagen, but estrogen replacement might improve skin health.
23 citations
,
January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology” FPHL causes hair loss in women due to genetics and hormones; minoxidil and anti-androgens are treatments, and early intervention is advised.
1 citations
,
January 1989 in “Handbook of experimental pharmacology” Anti-androgens can help reduce the effects of male hormones on the skin.