11 citations
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August 2009 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery” We need better ways to test and understand SARMs to make safer and more effective treatments.
34 citations
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January 2004 in “Genomics” A cluster of 21 keratin-associated protein genes important for hair growth was found on human chromosome 21.
Retinoic acid can change skin development, like turning scales into feathers or forming glands.
April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Calcium signals and SHH guide the direction of feather growth in chicken skin.
August 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” AVT is highly conserved and may have antimicrobial properties.
Hair proteins in preschool children and their mothers could indicate developmental changes and health status.
January 2026 in “PLoS Biology” ARHGEF3 is essential for proper hair follicle development in mice.
7 citations
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July 2008 in “Experimental Dermatology” The study concluded that a protein important for hair strength is regulated by certain molecular processes and is affected by growth phases.
August 2019 in “Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)” DHT enhances androgen receptor activity more than testosterone, and MAGE-11 influences this activity through specific interactions.
84 citations
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September 2008 in “Developmental biology” Retinoic acid-binding proteins in skin are regulated by β-catenin and Notch signalling.
478 citations
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September 1996 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” Overexpression of PTHrP in chondrocytes causes short-limbed dwarfism and delayed bone formation in mice.
5 citations
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August 2011 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Dentin sialoprotein and phosphophoryn are present in rodent hair follicles and may help hair growth and development.
66 citations
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June 2004 in “Development” FGF signaling is crucial for starting feather development in chicken embryos.
8 citations
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January 2013 in “genesis” Zfp157 is active in many mouse tissues during development and in specific adult cells.
11 citations
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May 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” KRTAP10 proteins help form the hair shaft's tough outer layer by interacting with specific hair keratins.
49 citations
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May 1974 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure” Transamidases are present in the epidermis but their exact role is unclear.
48 citations
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July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Hair growth is controlled by specific gene clusters and proteins, and cysteine affects hair gene expression in sheep.
December 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” AP-2α and AP-2β proteins are essential for healthy adult skin and hair.
12 citations
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December 2003 in “Gene” The ovine Hoxc-13 gene is crucial for hair formation and may have other skin functions.
May 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” The EDAR V370A allele in East Asians likely evolved due to reliance on aquatic resources providing essential nutrients.
May 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” The EDAR V370A allele in East Asians likely evolved due to reliance on aquatic resources providing essential nutrients.
2 citations
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January 2017 in “Folia biologica” The KRTAP7-1 gene is very similar across different cattle and yak breeds and likely plays a role in hair strength and shape.
2 citations
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January 2025 in “Development” BMP5 is essential for ear cartilage cell growth in rodents.
44 citations
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March 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology” A wide range of proteins are integrated into the skin's protective layer.
January 2025 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Armadillo Repeat Only proteins are essential for proper plant growth and response by regulating calcium channels.
June 2023 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Protein tyrosine kinases are key in male pattern baldness, affecting skin structure, hair growth, and immune responses.
40 citations
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November 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” S100A3 protein is crucial for hair shaft formation in mice.
25 citations
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November 2018 in “Cell reports” The study concluded that specific proteins are necessary to maintain the structure that holds epithelial cells tightly together.
20 citations
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August 2017 in “PLoS ONE” 61 functional keratin genes were identified in dogs and horses, leading to updated gene annotations.
21 citations
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September 2005 in “The anatomical record. Part A, Discoveries in molecular, cellular, and evolutionary biology/Anatomical record. Part A, Discoveries in molecular, cellular, and evolutionary biology” Caspase-14 is important for skin and hair development in all mammals.