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GlossaryAromatase

enzyme converting androgens into estrogens

Aromatase is an enzyme that converts androgens (male hormones) into estrogens (female hormones). This process is crucial for maintaining the balance of sex hormones in both men and women, and it plays a significant role in various biological functions, including reproductive health and bone growth. In the context of hair, aromatase activity can influence hair growth patterns and conditions like alopecia.

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Different Levels of 5α-Reductase Type I and II, Aromatase, and Androgen Receptor in Hair Follicles of Women and Men with Androgenetic Alopecia

research Different Levels of 5α-Reductase Type I and II, Aromatase, and Androgen Receptor in Hair Follicles of Women and Men with Androgenetic Alopecia

416 citations , September 1997 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

People with hair loss have more androgen receptors and enzymes in certain follicles, with men and women showing different patterns.

research 17α‐estradiol induces aromatase activity in intact human anagen hair follicles ex vivo

94 citations , August 2002 in “Experimental Dermatology”

17α-estradiol boosts aromatase activity in female hair follicles, potentially helping with hair loss.

research Management of Sexual Dysfunction in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients Taking Adjuvant Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy

90 citations , December 2007 in “Current Oncology”

Non-hormonal treatments should be used first for sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal breast cancer patients on aromatase inhibitors, with hormones as a second option.

research Gene-wide association study between the aromatase gene (CYP19A1) and female pattern hair loss

77 citations , April 2009 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Aromatase gene variation may increase female hair loss risk.

research The Modulation of Aromatase and Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Cultured Human Dermal Papilla Cells by Dexamethasone: A Novel Mechanism for Selective Action of Estrogen via Estrogen Receptor Beta?

65 citations , May 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Dexamethasone may influence hair growth by altering estrogen receptor activity in hair cells.

Sex Steroid Synthesis in Human Skin In Situ: The Roles of Aromatase and Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein in the Homeostasis of Human Skin

research Sex steroid synthesis in human skin in situ: The roles of aromatase and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in the homeostasis of human skin

46 citations , May 2012 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology”

Human skin produces sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone, influenced by ARO and StAR, which may affect skin elasticity and hair growth.

research Aromatase-independent testosterone conversion into estrogenic steroids is inhibited by a 5α-reductase inhibitor

44 citations , December 2005 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology”

Combining 5α-reductase and aromatase inhibitors may better reduce estrogen levels.

research Intravaginal Testosterone Improves Sexual Satisfaction and Vaginal Symptoms Associated With Aromatase Inhibitors

37 citations , September 2018 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”

Intravaginal testosterone cream improves sexual satisfaction and reduces vaginal discomfort in postmenopausal women on breast cancer treatment without affecting hormone levels.

The Aromatase Inhibitor Fadrozole and the 5-Reductase Inhibitor Finasteride Affect Gonadal Differentiation and Gene Expression in the Frog Silurana Tropicalis

research The Aromatase Inhibitor Fadrozole and the 5-Reductase Inhibitor Finasteride Affect Gonadal Differentiation and Gene Expression in the Frog Silurana tropicalis

37 citations , January 2009 in “Sexual Development”

Fadrozole and Finasteride change frog sex ratios and cause intersex animals with altered gene expressions.

Aromatase Deficiency in a Male Patient: Case Report and Literature Review

research Aromatase deficiency in a male patient - Case report and review of the literature.

36 citations , October 2016 in “Bone”

A male with aromatase deficiency improved bone health with estradiol treatment.

research Aromatase inhibitor therapy and hair loss among breast cancer survivors

34 citations , November 2013 in “Breast Cancer Research and Treatment”

Aromatase inhibitor therapy for breast cancer increases the risk of hair loss and thinning.

research 5α-Reductase isozymes and aromatase mRNA levels in plucked hair from young women with female pattern hair loss

21 citations , November 2017 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

Higher enzyme levels found in women with hair loss, suggesting hormone imbalance.

research Investigation of variants of the aromatase gene (CYP19A1) in female pattern hair loss

15 citations , June 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

No link found between aromatase gene and female hair loss.

research Reduced estradiol synthesis by letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, is protective against development of pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling in mice

14 citations , October 2015 in “Neurochemistry International”

Letrozole may help prevent seizures by reducing certain hormone levels.

research Increase in formalin-induced tonic pain by 5alpha-reductase and aromatase inhibition in female rats

13 citations , December 2010 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior”

Inhibiting certain enzymes made female rats more sensitive to low-level pain.

research Aromatase inhibition by letrozole attenuates kainic acid-induced seizures but not neurotoxicity in mice

11 citations , April 2018 in “Epilepsy research”

Letrozole reduces seizures but not brain damage in mice.

research A Phase II Study of Vaginal Testosterone Cream (TEST) vs. Estring for Vaginal Dryness or Decreased Libido in Women with Early Stage Breast Cancer (BC) Treated with Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs).

9 citations , December 2009 in “Cancer Research”

Both vaginal testosterone cream and Estring effectively manage vaginal dryness in women with early-stage breast cancer on aromatase inhibitors.

research CDK4/6 plus aromatase inhibitor-induced alopecia in breast cancer patients.

4 citations , May 2019 in “Journal of Clinical Oncology”

Some breast cancer treatments cause hair loss similar to male pattern baldness, which can be improved with minoxidil.

research Evaluation of dermatologic adverse events associated with aromatase inhibitors: insights from the FAERS database

2 citations , May 2025 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology”

Aromatase inhibitors can cause skin issues, especially with anastrozole and exemestane, so monitoring is important.

Androgenic Efficacy and Mechanism of Glycosides-Based Standardized Fenugreek Seeds Extract Through Aromatase and 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibition

research Androgenic Efficacy and Mechanism of Glycosides-Based Standardized Fenugreek Seeds Extract Through Aromatase And 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibition

1 citations , February 2024 in “Pharmacognosy Journal”

Fenugreek seed extract boosts testosterone and improves male reproductive health without heart side effects.

research Aromatase inhibitor–induced hair loss in two adolescents

1 citations , September 2020 in “Pediatric Dermatology”

Two teenage boys lost hair after taking a drug for growth, which was not a known side effect for kids.

Selective Inhibition of 5α-Reductase and Preservation of Aromatase in Hair Transplantation

research Inibição seletiva da 5α-redutase e preservação da aromatase no transplante capilar

February 2026 in “Revista Eletrônica Polidisciplinar Voos.”

A balanced approach using dutasteride and Serenoa repens can improve hair transplant success by protecting follicles and minimizing side effects.

MRNA Levels of Aromatase, 5α-Reductase Isozymes, and Prostate Cancer-Related Genes in Plucked Hair from Young Men with Androgenic Alopecia

research mRNA Levels of Aromatase, 5α-Reductase Isozymes, and Prostate Cancer-Related Genes in Plucked Hair from Young Men with Androgenic Alopecia

December 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Men with early balding showed higher levels of certain genes linked to hair loss and possibly prostate cancer.

research 202 Activation of breast cancer cell proliferation by ROR-alpha through aromatase promoter

March 2010 in “Ejc Supplements”

ROR-alpha may increase the growth of certain breast cancer cells by boosting aromatase, which could affect breast cancer prognosis.

research SAT-288 Successful Virilization of a PAIS Patient with a Missense Mutation In The Ligand-binding Domain Of The Androgen Receptor with Combined High-dose Testosterone and Aromatase Inhibitor

April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society”

A 12-year-old boy with PAIS successfully developed male characteristics using high-dose testosterone and anastrozole.

research Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships studies on steroidal aromatase and 5α-reductase inhibitors as anti-tumors

December 2013 in “Estudo Geral (Universidade de Coimbra)”

Modified steroidal inhibitors showed promise in treating hormone-dependent cancers.

Amiodarone-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis; Nilotinib-Associated Cerebrovascular Disease and Stroke; Pisa Syndrome Caused by Paliperidone; Macroglossia Associated with Methylprednisolone; Aromatase Inhibitor-Induced Male Pattern Baldness in Women; Acute Liver Failure Due to Etodolac

research Amiodarone-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis; Nilotinib-Associated Cerebrovascular Disease and Stroke; Pisa Syndrome Caused by Paliperidone; Macroglossia Associated with Methylprednisolone; Aromatase Inhibitor-Induced “Male Pattern Baldness” in Women? Acute Liver Failure Due to Etodolac

August 2013 in “Hospital Pharmacy”

Certain medications can cause serious side effects, including skin reactions, stroke, muscle disorders, tongue swelling, hair loss in women, and liver failure.

research A case of aromatase inhibitor‐induced alopecia successfully treated with low‐dose oral minoxidil

March 2023 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

Low-dose oral minoxidil improved hair growth when topical treatments failed.

research A Practitioner ' s Guide to Hair Loss: Part 2—Diet, Supplements, Vitamins, Minerals, Aromatherapy, and Psychosocial Aspects

1 citations , August 2004 in “Alternative & complementary therapies”

Non-drug methods like diet, supplements, and aromatherapy can help manage hair loss and its emotional impact.

Randomized Trial of Aromatherapy for Alopecia Areata

research Randomized Trial of Aromatherapy

122 citations , November 1998 in “Archives of Dermatology”

Aromatherapy with certain essential oils is a safe and effective treatment for hair growth in alopecia areata patients.