October 2022 in “Endocrine journal” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone treatments can help with penile growth in males with 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency, with dihydrotestosterone being more effective in infancy.
11 citations
,
March 2016 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” Nandrolone might increase muscle mass with fewer side effects than testosterone but could cause erectile dysfunction and needs more research.
January 2024 in “Biology of sex differences” Dihydrotestosterone makes arteries stiffer in female mice by reducing estrogen receptor expression.
October 2025 in “Aquaculture” Coconut oil boosts testosterone but doesn't fully trigger reproductive maturity in pufferfish.
20 citations
,
August 2020 in “Scientific Reports” Low-dose bisphenol A increases prostate size in rats by affecting certain enzymes.
3 citations
,
May 2024 in “Frontiers in Physiology” Sex hormone supplements help improve breathing and nerve recovery after spinal injury in rats.
20 citations
,
April 2021 in “Journal of Womens Health” Testosterone can help premenopausal and postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but its long-term safety is unclear and it's not widely approved for this use.
9 citations
,
April 2021 in “Climacteric” Testosterone therapy is effective and safe for women with low sexual desire, but it's hard to access.
8 citations
,
August 2015 in “Endocrine” 72 citations
,
November 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Estrogen receptor α controls hair growth cycles and skin thickness in male mice.
19 citations
,
June 2021 in “The world journal of men's health” Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can harm men's reproductive health and increase the risk of heart problems and death.
4 citations
,
October 2023 in “Fertility and Sterility” Some medications and supplements can affect male fertility, with some improving and others harming sperm quality.
13 citations
,
May 2007 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Synthetic 19-norprogestins promote bone cell growth and function through their non-phenolic metabolites.
3 citations
,
January 2022 in “Journal of neuroendocrinology” Sex hormones affect brain cells differently in males and females.
January 2007 in “xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference”
2 citations
,
November 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks” Different substances that activate or block the androgen receptor can affect male development and treat conditions like prostate cancer.
14 citations
,
November 2014 in “European journal of medicinal chemistry” Researchers found new potential treatments for conditions related to the androgen receptor, like male hormonal contraception, by testing thousands of compounds.
19 citations
,
January 1993 in “Dermatologic Clinics”
6 citations
,
April 2004 in “Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry” New progesterone-based compounds can block male hormones.
209 citations
,
March 1998 in “Biochemical and biophysical research communications” Scientists found new nonsteroidal compounds that can act like natural male hormones and might help treat male fertility and hormone issues.
129 citations
,
January 2004 in “Journal of medicinal chemistry” Researchers developed new compounds that target the androgen receptor effectively with fewer side effects.
5 citations
,
January 2005 in “Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry” New steroids were effective in blocking male hormone receptors in hamster prostates.
2 citations
,
September 1992 in “Steroids” New A-homo-B, 19-dinor steroids showed strong antiandrogenic activity without affecting the enzyme 5α-reductase or androgen receptor binding.
November 2021 in “Pharmaceutical Sciences” New compounds were made and tested, with compound 6 showing potential for treating prostate-related diseases.
164 citations
,
January 2003 in “Drugs”
27 citations
,
January 1984 in “Pharmacology & Therapeutics” Antiandrogens have important biological effects, but more research is needed to understand them fully and compare their effectiveness and side effects to other treatments.
12 citations
,
April 1995 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” The new compounds moderately block a specific enzyme and strongly counteract a male hormone, suggesting potential for treating certain male-related health conditions.
16 citations
,
January 2003 in “Nuclear Receptor Signaling” Androgens and SARMs play a role in body mass, frailty, skin health, and hair growth, and are used in treating prostate cancer, acne, and hair loss, with potential for new uses and improved versions in the future.
November 2023 in “Bioorganic Chemistry” Drugs targeting the Androgen Receptor are effective for treating prostate cancer and other androgen-related conditions.
2 citations
,
September 2025 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” SARMs show promise but need more evidence to prove they're better than traditional androgens.