6 citations
,
April 1996 in “Journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry/The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry” TGF-alpha is present in sheep and ferret skin and may affect hair growth without directly stimulating cell proliferation.
January 2024 in “Biomedicines” The review shows that skin symptoms like chronic fungal infections, hair loss, and skin depigmentation are key for early detection and management of APECED.
3 citations
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January 2021 in “Therapeutic advances in infectious disease” A 9-year-old girl with a healthy immune system was successfully treated for a severe fungal scalp infection caused by Microsporum audouinii.
February 2026 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Ivarmacitinib significantly improved hair regrowth in severe alopecia areata after tofacitinib was less effective.
22 citations
,
January 2009 in “Medical mycology” A family got a fungal infection from a boy who had contact with rabbits, but they all recovered with treatment.
June 2020 in “Comparative medicine” NSG mice had the most mites, and genetic factors affect immune response and susceptibility.
1 citations
,
January 2024 in “International Journal of Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.” Higher EGF levels are linked to more severe alopecia areata.
78 citations
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July 1984 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Enhancing Tregs can protect against alopecia areata.
April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Too much IKZF1 and Ikaros protein may cause alopecia areata.
9 citations
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June 2017 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” Local inflammation worsens autoimmune skin conditions by increasing antibody buildup.
March 2025 in “Experimental Dermatology” Overexpression of IKZF1 and Ikaros causes hair loss in mice similar to alopecia areata.
1 citations
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September 2021 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Hair loss in both Androgenetic Alopecia and Alopecia Areata is often accompanied by inflammation around hair follicles, but the location and severity of this inflammation varies.
Immune therapy for cancer can cause hair loss scars in some patients.
June 2025 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Ruxolitinib helped a woman with a genetic mutation regrow her hair and improved her health.
February 2025 in “Dermatology and Therapy” Alopecia areata incognita causes sudden hair loss but usually improves with topical steroids.
April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Blocking EGFR can lead to hair loss due to inflammation and stem cell damage.
April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The study found that a key immune pathway protecting hair follicles is reduced in a mouse model of scarring hair loss.
April 2010 in “Cancer Research” Basal cell carcinomas may use IDO to protect themselves from the immune system.
19 citations
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December 2011 in “PubMed” Inflammation and immunity play a key role in androgenetic alopecia, with better treatment outcomes in certain immune-positive cases.
2 citations
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January 2019 in “Annals of Dermatology” Certain gene variations in EGF and EGFR may increase the risk of alopecia areata in Koreans.
3 citations
,
December 1994 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Oral itraconazole effectively reaches and treats deep skin layers in guinea pigs.
2 citations
,
October 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” AIRE deficiency causes hair loss similar to alopecia areata in mice.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The research developed methods to test drugs that could protect and restore hair follicle protection in a hair loss condition.
December 2025 in “Journal of Human Immunity” JAK inhibitors may help improve symptoms in adults with APECED.
2 citations
,
September 2018 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Pemphigus patients with alopecia have more severe and treatment-resistant disease.
19 citations
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April 2023 in “Antibiotics” Azelaic acid in a special gel is more effective against skin fungi than regular azelaic acid.
September 2025 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Elevated granulysin levels may indicate disease activity in vitiligo and alopecia areata.
1 citations
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May 2022 in “European Journal of Dermatology” Longer treatment with vismodegib lowers relapse risk in basal cell carcinoma.