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November 2020 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” HoxC genes are crucial for normal hair and nail development.
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August 2016 in “Science Signaling” Alopecia areata patients show unique protein activity patterns, suggesting imbalanced signaling pathways.
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April 2003 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Keratin structure changes during keratinization, but the exact model remains uncertain.
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June 2003 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Sheet formation is key to macrofibril structure differences in wool.
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June 2018 in “Journal of Dental Research” Msx2 is essential for proper enamel formation by preventing abnormal cell transformation.
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November 2014 in “Proteins Structure Function and Bioinformatics” Cysteines in wool fibers are accessible and form important disulfide bonds.
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September 2001 in “Annals of Neurology” Hair root analysis can effectively detect somatic mosaicism in double cortex syndrome.
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January 2000 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Different parts of the nail express different keratins, showing unique patterns of differentiation.
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August 2004 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The ventral matrix is the main source of the nail plate.
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October 2009 in “Veterinary Dermatology” Canine claws have complex structures with different keratin types, similar to hair and nails.
January 2017 in “대한미용학회지” The cuticle layer in hair follicles thickens during keratinization due to incomplete cytosol loss.
May 2020 in “International journal of dermatology and venereology” Hair matrix cysts are rare skin nodules with unique features, often needing surgical removal.
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September 2004 in “Experimental Dermatology” Connexin mutations can cause various diseases like hearing loss and skin disorders.
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June 1976 in “Journal of ultrastructure research” Keratinized wool cells still have some organelles like lysosomes and mitochondria.
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July 2015 in “PLoS ONE” The study revealed the detailed structure of a keratin dimer, aiding understanding of how intermediate filament proteins function.
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March 2013 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology” Ossification in trichilemmal cysts is more common than previously believed.
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September 1999 in “Journal of Cell Science” Basonuclin may help control ribosomal RNA gene activity in skin cells.
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May 2006 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Keratin-associated proteins help link filaments and affect keratin's strength.
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February 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Certain interactions help prepare the androgen receptor for pairing and activation, which is important for its role in development and disease.
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November 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Cystatin M/E helps in the final stages of hair and nail formation by controlling certain enzymes.
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August 2019 in “F1000Research” CMG2 and TEM8 receptors have distinct roles in skin and growth disorders, affecting collagen breakdown and growth.
The document concludes that various skin conditions have specific treatments and that adequate calcium intake may prevent osteoporosis.
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February 2007 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Oxidation changes the structure of hair protein filaments, causing them to compact and rearrange.
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March 2019 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” The Wave complex controls skin growth by suppressing certain signals.
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January 1992 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” The Cell Membrane Complex in hair has both water-attracting and water-repelling layers.