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February 2017 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology” The TGF-β family helps control how cells change and move, affecting skin, hair, and organ development.
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September 2009 in “Birth defects research” Different body areas in mice produce different hair types due to interactions between skin layers.
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September 2005 in “The American journal of pathology” Activin helps skin growth and healing mainly through stromal cells and affects keratinocytes based on its amount.
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June 2007 in “PLoS ONE” Birds can regenerate inner ear cells using specific gene pathways, unlike mammals.
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May 2007 in “Menopause International” After menopause, women lose a lot of skin collagen, but estrogen replacement might improve skin health.
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November 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” Edar signaling is crucial for proper hair follicle development and function.
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December 2000 in “PubMed” The biology of skin and hair is complex and not fully understood.
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November 1999 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Hair sensitivity to androgens is partly controlled by specific enzyme expressions in different hair areas.
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March 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Smad-4 and Smad-7 are key in hair follicle development, with other Smads being less important.
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December 1992 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Rat hair follicles grow longer in vitro, but certain factors can inhibit this growth.