466 citations
,
June 2009 in “Experimental dermatology” We now understand more about what causes acne and this could lead to better, more personalized treatments.
135 citations
,
March 2000 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Agouti and AGRP affect pigmentation and obesity, with implications for metabolic disorders.
90 citations
,
December 2008 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Thyroid-stimulating hormone affects hair follicles but doesn't change hair growth or color.
83 citations
,
January 2004 in “Pharmacology & Therapeutics” Adjusting neurosteroid levels may help reduce alcohol withdrawal symptoms.
65 citations
,
April 2018 in “Oncotarget” Anabolic androgenic steroids can increase cancer risk and disrupt hormones.
55 citations
,
May 2019 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Androgens are important for female fertility and could help in IVF treatment, but also play a role in causing PCOS.
26 citations
,
November 2013 in “Neuroscience” Progesterone can reduce seizures without relying on the GABAA receptor pathway.
19 citations
,
July 2005 in “Steroids” Testosterone increases 3α-androstanediol levels, which can be blocked by finasteride.
5 citations
,
October 2020 in “Brain Research Bulletin” Etifoxine, an anxiety drug, can lessen brain inflammation and cognitive issues in mice, partly by increasing production of protective brain steroids.
4 citations
,
January 2019 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Low-dose naltrexone might be a cheap and effective additional treatment for hair loss with scalp discomfort due to its anti-inflammatory effects and few side effects.
1 citations
,
April 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Botryococcus terribilis Ethanol Extract may reduce inflammation by changing gene expression in cells.
1 citations
,
April 2015 in “The FASEB Journal” Blocking androgens in male rats increased estrogen and made them more active.
October 2025 in “Cell Reports” Regulatory T cells help hair growth by using the Cxcr4-Cxcl12 pathway.
June 2024 in “The American journal of psychiatry” Schizophrenia risk genes may affect early brain development, contributing to the disease.
Certain gene variations and different levels of BDNF and CRH hormones are linked to vitiligo.
Androgenetic alopecia, or hair loss, is caused by a mix of genetics, hormones, and environment, where testosterone affects hair growth and causes hair to become smaller and grow for a shorter time.
June 2022 in “Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology” The enzyme sEH is important for hair growth and its inhibition could help treat hair loss.
February 2022 in “Endocrine connections” People with reproductive, thyroid disorders, and type 2 diabetes can experience voice changes, but more research is needed to understand this better.
April 2015 in “The FASEB Journal” Blocking androgens at birth reduces sexual motivation in male rats.
April 2015 in “The FASEB Journal” Blocking male hormones in baby rats improved memory and increased weight.
104 citations
,
December 2004 in “Journal of Neurochemistry” Androgens help motor neurons grow by increasing neuritin.
34 citations
,
July 2006 in “The Journal of Comparative Neurology” Increasing neurotrophin 4 in skin boosts nerve endings but not sensory neuron count.
2 citations
,
January 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Androgen signaling reduces Wnt activity, affecting prostate stem cell growth.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” AMP-303 injections can increase hair growth in androgenetic alopecia with minimal side effects.
The paper suggests that a decrease in estrogen receptor activity may cause sexual dysfunction syndromes and proposes hormonal treatments.
July 2005 in “The American Journal of Human Genetics” The AR gene is linked to male-pattern baldness, TNFSF4 to heart disease, SLC19A3 to BBGD, MCT8 to a syndrome, and segmental duplications to genetic variation.
September 2004 in “Experimental Dermatology” Stress increases nerve growth factor, causing hair loss in mice.
October 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Musk glands and skin in Chinese forest musk deer are closely related and share many genes.
October 2020 in “Authorea (Authorea)” Men and women react differently to opioids, with hormones potentially influencing these differences.
October 2022 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” New tools show that in fish, NPY increases feeding and somatostatin decreases it.