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The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a prohormone important for producing sex steroids and has potential health benefits.

Mice lacking the PPARγ gene in their fat cells had almost no fat tissue, severe metabolic problems, and abnormal development of other fat-related tissues.

Estrogens help reduce skin aging, and SERMs might offer similar benefits without the risks of hormone therapy.

Testosterone undecanoate increases lean mass and causes various physical changes in female-to-male transsexuals.

Mouse skin has special cells in the epidermis that decrease with age and are linked to keratinocyte stem cells.

New hormonal contraceptives are safer, have fewer side effects, and offer health benefits for women.

Hormone treatment for transsexual individuals is effective but carries risks like thromboembolic events and mood changes, with most side effects being minor and reversible.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.

Evaluate postmenopausal women with high androgen levels using medical history, physical exams, lab tests, and imaging to manage health risks.

Short-term testosterone therapy in women seems safe with few mild side effects, but long-term effects need more research.

Fat cells are important for tissue repair and stem cell support in various body parts.

Most pregnant women experience skin darkening and hair changes, with these effects usually going away after giving birth.

Testosterone therapy is beneficial for women's health and does not cause masculinization or liver damage, and it protects the heart and breasts.

A substance called Compound 2g can strongly block STS (a hormone-related enzyme) without affecting estrogen levels, making it potentially good for treating breast cancer.

Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.

5-alpha reductase inhibitors slightly increase the risk of sexual and mood side effects, and breast growth in men.

Cosmetic procedures can trigger pemphigus, an autoimmune disease.

Hormone therapy for transgender females increases the risk of blood clots and requires careful dosing, monitoring, and lifelong management.

SACUMAN, a rare condition causing hair loss without clear signs, is often misdiagnosed and needs scalp biopsies for accurate detection.

Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.

Dermatologists perform most outpatient cosmetic procedures in the U.S., especially on white women aged 40 to 59.

Higher early lead exposure is linked to delayed puberty in girls.

Hormone therapies like birth control pills and spironolactone are safe and effective for treating women's adult acne.

Finasteride may help some women with hair loss, but better options exist.

Hormone therapy can improve mental health and quality of life for people with gender dysphoria, but long-term effects need more research.

Oral contraceptives lower testosterone levels in women, especially those with certain genetic traits, and may be linked to increased breast cancer risk.

High doses of norethindrone acetate in rats caused various organ changes but didn't significantly increase tumor rates.

The document concludes that health care providers should offer culturally competent care and more research is needed to improve health outcomes for transgender individuals.

Women have a higher risk of blood clots from hormonal factors and need careful treatment, especially during pregnancy.