97 citations
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January 2020 in “Advances in chronic kidney disease” Calcineurin inhibitors, used in kidney transplants, can cause a wide range of side effects including kidney damage and other health issues.
57 citations
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June 2003 in “American Journal of Physiology-cell Physiology” Cyclosporin A helps mice grow hair by blocking a specific protein activity in skin cells.
40 citations
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April 2014 in “Genes & Development” Hormones during pregnancy and lactation keep skin stem cells inactive, preventing hair growth.
13 citations
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November 2005 in “Veterinary Dermatology” A dog's skin calcification condition resolved without treatment after a bacterial infection.
7 citations
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August 2025 in “European Journal of Endocrinology” Long-term use of calcineurin inhibitors in transplant patients can cause hormone issues that can be managed with proper care.
5 citations
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October 2020 in “Veterinary record case reports” Fluorescent light energy may help treat skin infections in dogs with calcinosis cutis.
2 citations
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December 1973 in “Calcified tissue research” Epilation and DHT cause skin calcification by increasing ATP and calcium deposits.
December 2025 in “Cureus” Early diagnosis and treatment of calcinosis cutis in lupus patients is crucial due to its rarity and potential complications.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” September 2024 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Early intervention is important for limited systemic sclerosis patients due to higher pain and ulceration risks.
September 2023 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Children with alopecia areata, especially with Down syndrome or thyroid issues, should be screened for thyroid disease.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Cyclosporin A, a drug, reduces TGF-β2 expression in skin cells, potentially causing excessive hair growth through a process involving the calcineurin/NFAT pathway.
January 2020 in “Frontiers in Medical Case Reports” A dog developed skin issues from too many steroids, but reducing steroids and using a specific treatment fixed the problems.
August 2019 in “International journal of dermatology and venereology” The calcineurin/NFAT pathway plays a significant role in the development and growth of a type of skin cancer called cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Tacrolimus causes fewer acute rejections than cyclosporin A in kidney transplants but doesn't necessarily improve kidney function after one year; cardiovascular risks and side effects vary between the two drugs.
38 citations
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May 1982 in “PubMed” Intralesional steroid injections can effectively treat calcinosis and ulcers in scleroderma.
9 citations
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February 2011 in “Biologics: Targets & Therapy” Topical calcineurin inhibitors, especially 0.1% tacrolimus ointment, are effective and well-tolerated for treating cutaneous lupus erythematosus but require more research for standard treatment guidelines.
9 citations
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July 1961 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Cutaneous calcinosis can be induced in young animals using certain compounds, but only in specific areas and with high mortality.
1 citations
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November 2023 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Topical calcineurin inhibitors might be safer than steroids for scarring alopecia, but more research is needed.
12 citations
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July 1957 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Giving dihydrotachysterol to mother rats caused skin hardening and bone issues in their babies through milk.
February 2026 in “International Journal of Clinical Dermatology” A multi-drug treatment can effectively clear extensive calcinosis in juvenile dermatomyositis.
60 citations
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February 1997 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Liposomes can safely and effectively deliver substances to mouse hair follicles, potentially useful for human hair treatments.
344 citations
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May 2018 in “EMBO journal” Phosphorylation controls TFEB's location in the cell, affecting cell metabolism and stress response.
218 citations
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April 2012 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Guidelines suggest various treatments for alopecia areata, but leaving it untreated is also an option as 80% cases may recover on their own.
104 citations
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August 2008 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Treating psoriasis on the scalp, nails, and skin folds is challenging, often requiring systemic treatments for severe cases, with some success in topical and biologic treatments.
78 citations
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August 2014 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” New vitiligo treatments focus on controlling immune damage and restoring skin color.
73 citations
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March 2014 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Most dermatologic medications are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but some should be avoided due to potential risks.
69 citations
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August 2008 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Oral dutasteride and topical pimecrolimus can safely and effectively treat Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia, leading to significant hair regrowth.
66 citations
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June 2018 in “British Journal of Dermatology” European guidelines recommend regular eye and ear exams, skin care, vitamin D supplements, and cautious use of medications for managing congenital ichthyoses.
61 citations
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January 2019 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” The cause of Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia is unclear, diagnosis involves clinical evaluation and various treatments exist, but their effectiveness is uncertain.