11 citations
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July 2014 in “Gene” The S250C variant in a gene may cause autoimmunity and immunodeficiency by impairing protein function.
33 citations
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August 2000 in “Experimental Cell Research” 23 citations
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December 2008 in “Current medicinal chemistry” Stimulating sensory neurons can increase IGF-I production, which may help treat various diseases and improve tissue health.
69 citations
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December 2005 in “Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism” Blocking the enzyme 11β-HSD1 might help treat obesity and metabolic issues.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Cyclosporin A, a drug, reduces TGF-β2 expression in skin cells, potentially causing excessive hair growth through a process involving the calcineurin/NFAT pathway.
The enzyme Dgat1 is essential for healthy hair and skin by controlling retinoid levels.
3 citations
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March 2019 in “Acta histochemica” Angiotensin II is found at higher levels in black sheep skin and may influence coat color.
47 citations
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January 2003 in “Pharmaceutical Research” 9 citations
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February 2001 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1 help in hair follicle differentiation in rats.
30 citations
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November 2012 in “Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences” Hard α-keratins stay stiff in water because the surrounding matrix keeps them dehydrated and strong.
March 2026 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Genetic factors, especially PADI3 gene variants, contribute to CCCA in women of African descent.
138 citations
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November 1977 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics”
18 citations
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June 2012 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Vitamin D boosts a specific protein in skin cells linked to hair follicles.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare genetic mutation causes resistance to vitamin D, leading to severe rickets and requires high doses of calcium and vitamin D for management.
22 citations
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September 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” S100A8 and S100A9 proteins help form hair shafts during growth.
33 citations
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September 1990 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” The study showed that a specific DNA sequence can control gene expression in hair growth areas of mice.
25 citations
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May 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Researchers found a new gene, hacl-1, that is active in mouse hair follicles during hair growth and may be important for hair biology.
116 citations
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April 1986 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Trichohyalin is a protein in hair follicles that helps form hair filaments.
33 citations
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October 2012 in “Journal of Morphology” Reptile skin hardens by layering beta-proteins on keratin.
Mutations in the PADI3 gene may cause central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia in women of African ancestry.
September 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” CCCA in women of African ancestry may be caused by PADI3 gene mutations and intense hair grooming.
December 2022 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications” HtrA2 activity is crucial for normal hair growth by regulating fat cell development.
April 2010 in “The Journal of Urology” Human prostate cells produce more WISP1/CCN4 when there's not enough oxygen.
9 citations
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February 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The document concludes that the human keratin gene cluster is complex, with a need for updated naming to reflect over 50 functional genes important for hair and skin biology.
April 2018 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” A gene variant causes patched hair loss in mice, similar to alopecia areata in humans.
3 citations
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April 2015 in “Current problems in dermatology” A more sensitive assay was developed to detect enzyme activity converting arginine to citrulline in hair follicles.
27 citations
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May 2011 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” TCHHL1 is a protein important for hair growth, found in hair follicles.
2 citations
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July 2013 in “Journal of Life Sciences” A 2-year-old girl with a rare vitamin D disorder had rickets and hair loss, but treatment was ineffective due to poor compliance.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Human hair follicles have their own thyroid hormone system.
29 citations
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July 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The enzymes Aldh1a2 and Aldh1a3 are involved in making retinoic acid in hair follicles and have different roles in hair growth.