26 citations
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April 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” New mutations in the DSG4 gene cause a rare hair condition.
1 citations
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January 2013 Glucosylceramides are essential for healthy skin and proper wound healing.
36 citations
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November 2019 in “Molecular biology and evolution” Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
6 citations
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January 2016 in “Open journal of regenerative medicine” Keratin treatment reduces astrocyte reactivity and inflammation.
7 citations
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February 1998 in “Polymer journal” Keratin structure in hair is stable at pH 5-6 but disrupts between pH 6-7.
26 citations
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January 1993 in “Dermatology” A rare case of isolated trichothiodystrophy was identified, marked by brittle hair with low sulfur content.
15 citations
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April 2011 in “Biological Chemistry” Cathepsin E is crucial for normal skin cell differentiation and development.
January 2019 in “Journal of cosmetology & trichology” L-Cystine and L-Cystine with Kera-Diet® safely improved hair and nail quality in healthy women.
7 citations
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July 2008 in “Experimental Dermatology” The study concluded that a protein important for hair strength is regulated by certain molecular processes and is affected by growth phases.
5 citations
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September 2009 in “Acta Ophthalmologica” Hyper-keratinisation in Meibomian glands contributes to gland dysfunction.
October 2024 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” 5 citations
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December 1996 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications” Mouse hair keratins mHa1 and mHb4 can't form a strong network on their own in cells.
19 citations
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March 1961 in “Nature” A fatty acid/protein complex in human hair helps protect it from damage.
1 citations
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July 2024 in “International Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprosy Sciences” Cysteine strengthens hair, and glutamine fuels hair growth.
18 citations
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January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Hair keratins evolved from ancient proteins, diversifying through gene changes, crucial for forming claws and later hair in mammals.
January 2016 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” Keratin-based hydrogels can be improved for medical use by adding PEG, making them more soluble and adjustable.
1 citations
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January 2016 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” Human hair keratin is a promising and sustainable biomaterial for tissue regeneration.
13 citations
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August 1985 in “The Journal of Dermatology” HKN-2 antibody targets specific skin and hair cells, showing keratin complexity.
26 citations
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December 1990 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Two specific genes are more active during hair growth in mice.
4 citations
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March 2021 in “Journal of Surfactants and Detergents” Shampoo B, which uses water-soluble silicone, is better at detangling hair in wet conditions due to its two-layer conditioning film.
41 citations
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January 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” December 2007 in “FJ. Fragrance journal” 19 citations
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December 2006 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Type I and Type II keratin chains can form heterodimers despite sequence differences.
40 citations
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April 1999 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry” S100A3 protein is mainly found in specific parts of human hair cells.
68 citations
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April 2014 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Trichohyalin-like proteins are essential for the development of skin structures like hair, nails, and feathers.
7 citations
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September 2020 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Different sizes of keratin peptides can strengthen hair, with smaller ones possibly increasing volume and larger ones repairing damage.
1 citations
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January 1971 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” Mice hair follicles take in the amino acid cystine.
19 citations
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January 2009 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Hair's strength and flexibility come from its protein structure and molecular interactions.
June 2025 in “Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine” Keratin biomaterials could help heal wounds and regenerate tissue, but more testing is needed.
January 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Some cells may slow melanoma growth, a protein could affect skin pigmentation, a gene-silencing method might treat hair defects, skin bacteria changes likely result from eczema, and a defensin protein could help treat multiple sclerosis.