341 citations
,
November 2009 in “The FASEB Journal” Calreticulin has roles in healing, immune response, and disease beyond its known functions in the endoplasmic reticulum.
50 citations
,
May 2021 in “Frontiers in immunology” Certain immune cells contribute to skin autoimmune diseases, and some treatments can reverse hair loss in these conditions.
23 citations
,
September 2020 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Targeting Vδ1+T-cells may help treat alopecia areata.
February 2026 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” Alopecia areata involves immune system issues and specific cell types that disrupt hair growth, leading to hair loss.
41 citations
,
July 2019 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” The skin's immune system helps it regenerate and fight infections.
10 citations
,
January 2019 in “International Immunology” Immune cells help keep skin healthy and repair it, but imbalance can cause disease.
5 citations
,
February 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Different immune cells like platelets, mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages, T cells, B cells, and innate lymphoid cells all play roles in skin wound healing, but more research is needed due to inconsistent results and the complex nature of the immune response.
30 citations
,
May 2016 in “Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy” New treatments targeting immune pathways show promise for severe hair loss but need more research for safety and effectiveness.
December 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Key genes linked to immune response are upregulated in hair follicles and skin tissues in chronic discoid lupus erythematosus.
October 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Key genes linked to immune response are highly active in lupus-affected hair follicles.
9 citations
,
May 2023 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” Stem cell treatment from umbilical cords reduces symptoms of atopic dermatitis and may help hair growth.
69 citations
,
January 2013 in “Frontiers in Immunology” The FOXN1 gene is crucial for developing immune cells and preventing immune disorders.
July 2023 in “The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine ” Alopecia areata is a hair loss condition caused by immune factors and can be treated with JAK inhibitors.
October 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Mice treatments didn't grow hair, a patient treatment may affect immune response, and people with hair loss often feel anxious or depressed.
November 2020 in “International journal of contemporary pediatrics” Two siblings had a rare immune disorder caused by a FOXN1 gene mutation.
16 citations
,
October 2014 in “Cell death and disease” FoxN1 overexpression in young mice harms immune cell and skin development.
60 citations
,
September 2023 in “Science” BTNL proteins help control inflammatory bowel disease by maintaining specific immune cells.
November 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” The 2004 hair research meeting presented new findings on hair cell differentiation, genetic factors in hair loss, hair pigmentation, and potential targeted therapies.
November 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Stem cell activity influences autoimmune disease outcomes by affecting immune responses and tissue regeneration.
27 citations
,
May 2007 in “Archives of dermatological research” Diphencyprone treatment increases CD8 lymphocytes in the scalp, which is associated with hair regrowth in alopecia areata patients.
December 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Aged individuals heal wounds less effectively due to specific immune cell issues.
13 citations
,
August 2020 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Gamma delta T cells in the skin help with healing and defense but can also cause autoimmune issues, and more research is needed to understand how they are activated.
129 citations
,
May 2015 in “Cell Stem Cell” Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.
22 citations
,
September 2020 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The study's results on the effectiveness of low-dose IL-2 for alopecia areata and its impact on immune cells were not provided.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The protein CTCF is essential for skin development, maintaining hair follicles, and preventing inflammation.
80 citations
,
April 2018 in “Trends in Molecular Medicine” Lichen Planopilaris and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia may help us understand hair follicle stem cell disorders and suggest new treatments.
March 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Different types of alopecia cause hair loss due to immune system issues, with some allowing regrowth and others causing permanent loss.
July 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Assessing CD8+ T cell levels before surgery may improve vitiligo treatment outcomes.
42 citations
,
April 2021 in “JCI insight” Blocking JAK3 signaling can reverse hair loss from alopecia areata.
3 citations
,
September 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” JAK inhibitors are effective for treating moderate-to-severe alopecia areata.