30 citations
,
April 2009 in “Mycoses” Microsporum gypseum fungus breaks down keratin in hair by digesting it enzymatically, starting with less keratinized parts.
24 citations
,
January 2009 in “International Journal of Trichology” Sunlight exposure ages hair, making it brittle, stiff, and dry.
20 citations
,
January 2015 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Older people's hair cuticles get more easily damaged and lose protective oils, especially in their 40s and 50s.
19 citations
,
January 2009 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Hair's strength and flexibility come from its protein structure and molecular interactions.
12 citations
,
February 2006 in “Lipids” Hair texture changes with age due to varying levels of lipids.
10 citations
,
December 2001 in “PubMed” The conclusion is that substances can penetrate hair fibers through multiple pathways, including both the cell membrane complex and the non-keratinous parts.
8 citations
,
January 2016 in “Journal of fiber science and technology” Bleaching hair increases cysteic acid levels in a predictable way.
7 citations
,
November 2004 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Hair breaks differently when wet or dry and is affected by its condition and treatments like perms and bleaching.
6 citations
,
December 2018 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” CARB is a strong barrier in human hair that prevents dye penetration.
3 citations
,
September 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Different oils penetrate hair differently; monounsaturated oils like olive oil penetrate better than polyunsaturated oils.
1 citations
,
January 2019 in “Archives of Clinical and Medical Case Reports” Changing hair's surface and structure can help protect its natural oils from being washed away.
1 citations
,
May 2013 in “PubMed” Glycylglycine makes hair softer by improving alignment and changing hair's internal properties.
Icosapent ethyl may help treat long-lasting symptoms after COVID-19.
September 2018 in “University of the Arts London Research Online (University of the Arts London)” L-arginine, hydrolysed keratin, and cystine-silanol copolymer can help protect hair from damage during and after bleaching.
July 2016 in “Indian journal of science and technology” Neonate scalp hair is thinner, lacks a medulla, and has smaller follicles compared to adult hair.
August 1989 in “Proceedings ... annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America/Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America” The research provided a detailed view of the non-keratinous parts of human hair fibers.
Daily hair care may cause holes in hair fibers.
7 citations
,
March 2020 in “PloS one” α-parvin is necessary for skin and hair growth and for the correct orientation of skin cells.
3 citations
,
November 2021 in “Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials” AMFIBHA scaffold significantly healed large full-thickness burn wounds in rabbits and restored skin's mechanical properties.
November 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” MOF controls skin development by regulating genes for mitochondria and cilia.
226 citations
,
May 2004 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Collagen XXII is a marker for tissue junctions, aiding in structural integrity and found in muscles, heart, skin, and arthritic joints.
76 citations
,
June 2015 in “Journal of biomedical science” Mutations in Gasdermin A3 cause skin inflammation and hair loss by disrupting mitochondria.
40 citations
,
March 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Growing hair follicles have high mitochondrial activity and ROS in specific regions, aiding hair formation.
37 citations
,
March 2018 in “Trends in Plant Science” pH, calcium, and reactive oxygen species regulate plant cell growth, with key roles for NADPH oxidases and plasma membrane H+-ATPases.
9 citations
,
May 2010 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Human sebaceous glands can grow back in skin grafts on mice and work like normal human glands.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Dark skin has stronger barriers and structure due to specific gene activity.
Different types of sun exposure can damage skin cells and affect healing, with chronic exposure being more harmful, and certain immune cells help in the repair process.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Basonuclin 1 (BNC1) helps skin cells multiply and move, which is crucial for wound healing.
April 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Electrical epilation damages hair follicles and surrounding skin, likely preventing hair regrowth.
February 2010 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Activating cAMP and ATP improves hair growth and strength.