16 citations
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June 2015 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The enzyme DHHC13 is essential for healthy hair and skin, and its deficiency leads to hair loss and skin problems.
42 citations
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July 2015 in “PLoS ONE” The study revealed the detailed structure of a keratin dimer, aiding understanding of how intermediate filament proteins function.
27 citations
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November 1991 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 1 citations
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January 1992 in “DNA sequence” Researchers found a non-functional sheep keratin gene due to mutations.
January 2025 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” 73 citations
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January 2016 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Cornification evolved from keratinization in vertebrates, with differences between mammals and sauropsids.
10 citations
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November 2016 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A tough membrane between the outer and inner layers of human hair protects it from damage.
11 citations
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January 2016 in “Biointerphases” The hair's outermost surface has multiple layers of lipids and proteins.
23 citations
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August 2018 in “Biochimica and biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids” Different sPLA2 enzymes affect immunity, skin and hair health, reproduction, and may be potential targets for therapy.
75 citations
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March 2007 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” QSOX enzymes help form protein bonds in cells, especially in tissues with high secretory activity.
59 citations
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August 1981 in “PubMed” Trichilemmal keratinization is a unique process in hair follicles where the outer root sheath turns into keratin without a specific layer.
May 2010 in “Europe PMC (PubMed Central)” Near-infrared probes can safely and effectively image cysteine protease activity for disease diagnosis.
21 citations
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September 2005 in “The anatomical record. Part A, Discoveries in molecular, cellular, and evolutionary biology/Anatomical record. Part A, Discoveries in molecular, cellular, and evolutionary biology” Caspase-14 is important for skin and hair development in all mammals.
11 citations
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May 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” KRTAP10 proteins help form the hair shaft's tough outer layer by interacting with specific hair keratins.
1 citations
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January 2025 in “Burns & Trauma” Targeting Midkine can help reduce pain and itching in keloids.
15 citations
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July 2002 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Two plywood factory workers developed contact dermatitis from phenol-formaldehyde resin, a known allergen.
6 citations
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January 2010 in “Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology” The ID2 gene can help distinguish between sensitizers and irritants in skin cells.
4 citations
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November 1968 in “Textile research journal” Hair fibers may have a unique, non-protein sheath not previously identified.
51 citations
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January 2004 in “European Journal of Cell Biology” Human cathepsin V can replace mouse cathepsin L to maintain normal skin and hair in mice.
28 citations
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February 2014 in “PLoS ONE” Epidermal stem cells on a special membrane helped mice regrow full skin with hair and functions.
226 citations
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January 2006 in “International review of cytology” Keratin-associated proteins are crucial for hair strength and structure.
29 citations
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August 2005 in “Biopolymers” L-cysteine slows down the breaking of bonds in hair due to electrostatic interactions.
8 citations
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October 2013 in “Chemistry Central Journal” Metabolite 7 is a strong inhibitor for Alzheimer's disease management.
March 2008 in “British Journal of Pharmacology” Enzymes play crucial roles in metabolism, health, and disease management.
6 citations
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October 2016 Understanding how keratin structures in hair are arranged and interact is key for creating methods to extract and purify them.
40 citations
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November 2021 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Mutant keratins cause inflammation in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex, suggesting targeting them could help treat the disorder.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” RNase L suppresses regeneration in mammals.
November 2025 in “Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins”
28 citations
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May 2020 in “BMC plant biology” The study concluded that three enzymes are important for plant development by affecting sugar composition and calcium binding in plants.
22 citations
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June 2008 in “Experimental Dermatology” Heparanase is essential for hair follicle health and inner root sheath differentiation.