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GlossaryChromosome

long DNA molecule with part or all of genetic material

A chromosome is a long, thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information. In humans, each cell typically contains 46 chromosomes, which are organized into 23 pairs. These structures are crucial for the proper distribution of genetic material during cell division and play a key role in heredity and the functioning of an organism.

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research Characterization of a First Domain of Human High Glycine-Tyrosine and High Sulfur Keratin-associated Protein (KAP) Genes on Chromosome 21q22.1

100 citations , December 2002 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

Researchers mapped and categorized specific keratin-associated protein genes on human chromosome 21q22.1.

Hair Keratin Associated Proteins: Characterization of a Second High Sulfur KAP Gene Domain on Human Chromosome 21 in Fond Memory of Dr. Peter Steinert

research Hair Keratin Associated Proteins: Characterization of a Second High Sulfur KAP Gene Domain on Human Chromosome 2111In fond memory of Dr Peter Steinert.

62 citations , January 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

A second domain of high sulfur KAP genes on chromosome 21q23 is crucial for hair structure.

research A cluster of 21 keratin-associated protein genes within introns of another gene on human chromosome 21q22.3

34 citations , January 2004 in “Genomics”

A cluster of 21 keratin-associated protein genes important for hair growth was found on human chromosome 21.

Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21

research Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21

98 citations , June 2001 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

A cluster of sulfur-rich hair protein genes was found on chromosome 17.

The Human Type I Keratin Gene Family: Characterization of New Hair Follicle Specific Members and Evaluation of the Chromosome 17q21.2 Gene Domain

research The human type I keratin gene family: Characterization of new hair follicle specific members and evaluation of the chromosome 17q21.2 gene domain

70 citations , December 2004 in “Differentiation”

The study identified and characterized new keratin genes linked to hair follicles and epithelial tissues.

research Toxicological Studies on Procyanidin B-2 for Extern?al Application as a Hair Growing Agent

30 citations , May 1999 in “Food and chemical toxicology”

Procyanidin B-2 is safe to use on skin as a hair growth product.

research Overexpression of Hoxc13 in differentiating keratinocytes results in downregulation of a novel hair keratin gene cluster and alopecia

114 citations , May 2001 in “Development”

Overexpression of Hoxc13 in hair cells causes hair loss and skin issues.

research THE PATHOGENESIS OF ALOPECIA AREATA

89 citations , October 1996 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

Alopecia areata is likely caused by a combination of genetic factors and immune system dysfunction, and may represent different diseases with various causes.

research Human KAP Genes, Only the Half of it? Extensive Size Polymorphisms in Hair Keratin-Associated Protein Genes

53 citations , June 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

KAP genes show significant genetic variability, but its impact on hair traits is unclear.

research Alopecia areata and Down syndrome: A true association and the importance of dermoscopic diagnosis

April 2016 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

People with Down syndrome are more likely to experience hair loss, and using dermoscopy can help diagnose it.

research Letter To Editor-Alopecia universalis in Down syndrome: Response totherapy

January 2007 in “TSpace”

Alopecia universalis may be linked to Down syndrome due to genes on chromosome 21.

research Genome-wide association study in alopecia areata implicates both innate and adaptive immunity

717 citations , June 2010 in “Nature”

Alopecia areata involves both innate and adaptive immunity, with specific genes linked to the disease.

Patched-Associated Tumors: Modifier Genes and Pathogenesis

research Patched-assoziierte Tumoren: Modifikatorgene und Pathogenese

February 2022

The document concludes that the development of certain tumors is influenced by genetic background and that a specific gene modification can lead to tumor regression and reduced growth.

research Size Polymorphisms in the Human Ultrahigh Sulfur Hair Keratin-Associated Protein 4, KAP4, Gene Family

27 citations , June 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The study found that variations in hair protein genes are likely due to evolutionary deletions or duplications.

research Identification of the Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 21-1 Gene and Its Association with Variation in Wool Traits

7 citations , July 2019 in “Animals”

The KRTAP21-1 gene affects wool yield and can help improve wool production.

research A locus on distal chromosome 10 (ahl4) affecting age-related hearing loss in A/J mice

62 citations , April 2008 in “Neurobiology of aging”

Scientists found a gene in mice that causes early hearing loss.

research Sex- or Gender-specific Differences in the Clinical Presentation, Outcome, and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2

22 citations , January 2021 in “Clinical Therapeutics”

Men face more severe COVID-19 outcomes, while women are more likely to have long-term symptoms.

Genotoxicity of Rice Bran Oil Extracted by Supercritical CO2 Extraction

research Genotoxicity of Rice Bran Oil Extracted by Supercritical CO₂ Extraction

7 citations , January 2014 in “Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin”

Rice bran oil extracted by supercritical CO2 is considered non-genotoxic.

research Mapping of monilethrix to the type II keratin gene cluster at chromosome 12q13 in three new families, including one with variable expressivity

21 citations , September 1997 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Monilethrix is linked to the type II keratin gene on chromosome 12q13.

research Molecular mechanisms of Y chromosome loss and UTY gene activity

February 2024 in “Future science OA”

Loss of the Y chromosome and UTY gene activity increases cancer risk in men.

British Society for Dermatopathology 2011 Findings

research British Society for Dermatopathology

July 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Dermatologists give better information on pathology forms, hypersensitivity vasculitis is a common skin issue, misdiagnoses can occur, and various skin conditions are linked to loss of elastin or genetic factors.

research Induced pluripotent stem cell line MUSIi006-A derived from hair follicle keratinocytes as a non-invasive somatic cell source

7 citations , July 2018 in “Stem cell research”

Hair samples can be used to create stem cells easily and non-invasively.

research A mouse with bad hair and poor taste

December 2013 in “Appetite”

A defective gene causes hair loss and taste insensitivity in BTBR mice.

The Diversity of Sex Development: What Conditions Affecting Sex Development Teach Us About Sexual Diversity

research The diversity of sex development: What do conditions affecting sex development teach us about sexual diversity?

September 2021 in “Physiology News”

Conditions affecting sex development show that sexual diversity is a natural part of human variation.

research The sheep KAP8-2 gene, a new KAP8 family member that is absent in humans

25 citations , September 2014 in “SpringerPlus”

Sheep have a unique gene, KAP8-2, that humans don't have, which may affect wool properties.

British Association of Dermatology Meeting 1966: Dermatological Research and Case Studies

research BRITISH ASSOCIATION OF DERMATOLOGY.

November 1966 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

The meeting discussed various skin conditions, treatments, and unusual cases, highlighting the effectiveness of tetracycline in treating rosacea.

A 10 Mb Duplication in Chromosome Band 5q31.3–5q33.1 Associated with Late-Onset Lipodystrophy, Ichthyosis, Epilepsy, and Glomerulonephritis

research A 10 Mb duplication in chromosome band 5q31.3–5q33.1 associated with late-onset lipodystrophy, ichthyosis, epilepsy and glomerulonephritis

5 citations , May 2011 in “European Journal of Medical Genetics”

A genetic duplication on chromosome 5 was linked to a woman's unique combination of medical conditions.

research Genomic and Transcriptomic Characterization of Atypical Recurrent Flank Alopecia in the Cesky Fousek

2 citations , April 2022 in “Genes”

The study found that the hair loss condition in Cesky Fousek dogs is influenced by multiple genes affecting skin and muscle structure, fat metabolism, and immunity.

research A conditional multi-trait sequence GWAS discovers pleiotropic candidate genes and variants for sheep wool, skin wrinkle and breech cover traits

11 citations , July 2021 in “Genetics selection evolution”

Researchers found genes and genetic variants linked to sheep wool and skin wrinkles.

research ROBERTSONIAN TRANSLOCATION PATIENT WITH RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE

June 2020 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)”

Robertsonian translocation can cause recurrent miscarriages.