82 citations
,
May 2009 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Caffeine penetrates human skin in lab tests similarly to real-life conditions, but actual skin use is still essential for accurate results.
28 citations
,
April 1936 in “Journal of the American Medical Association” Aloe vera healed severe skin damage and restored normal skin in five weeks.
15 citations
,
October 2020 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Caffeine penetrates skin quickly through open hair follicles, but less through closed ones, with levels becoming equal after 22 hours.
854 citations
,
February 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Understanding hair follicle development can help treat hair loss, skin regeneration, and certain skin cancers.
581 citations
,
October 1998 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Finasteride safely and effectively treats male pattern hair loss, but may cause reversible sexual issues and harm male fetuses.
578 citations
,
April 1993 in “Cell” TGFα gene mutation in mice causes abnormal skin, wavy hair, curly whiskers, and sometimes eye inflammation.
308 citations
,
September 2010 in “Nucleic acids research” Increasing mir-302 turns human hair cells into stem cells by changing gene regulation and demethylation.
305 citations
,
December 2000 in “The EMBO Journal” Inhibiting Bmp signaling disrupts hair growth and differentiation.
272 citations
,
September 2001 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Human hair keratins were cataloged, showing their roles in hair differentiation stages.
235 citations
,
July 1999 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Human hair is made up of different keratins, some strong and some weak, with specific types appearing at various stages of hair growth.
226 citations
,
January 2006 in “International review of cytology” Keratin-associated proteins are crucial for hair strength and structure.
222 citations
,
October 1993 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Hair loss affects women's mental health more than men's, causing anxiety, low self-esteem, and social insecurity.
181 citations
,
January 2009 in “Nature Genetics” Certain mutations in a hair growth-related gene cause a type of genetic hair loss.
130 citations
,
June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Estrogen Receptor ß (ERß) is the main hormone controller in human skin and hair follicles, not Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or the Androgen Receptor (AR).
122 citations
,
January 2006 in “Molecular & Cellular Proteomics” Human hair contains many proteins, with some being highly abundant and modified.
119 citations
,
November 2016 in “American journal of human genetics” Mutations in three genes cause Uncombable Hair Syndrome, leading to frizzy hair that can't be combed flat.
118 citations
,
December 2003 in “Mechanisms of Ageing and Development” Thymosin β4 helps heal wounds, grow hair, and improve blood vessel formation.
109 citations
,
February 2018 in “CB/Current biology” ERULUS controls root hair growth by regulating cell wall composition and pectin activity.
108 citations
,
July 2002 in “Molecular and cellular biology” Overexpressing Dsg3 in mice skin causes excessive cell growth and abnormal skin development.
86 citations
,
May 2008 in “Cytokine & growth factor reviews” TNF family proteins are crucial for the development of skin features like hair, teeth, and mammary glands.
81 citations
,
September 2009 in “Birth defects research” Different body areas in mice produce different hair types due to interactions between skin layers.
77 citations
,
April 2004 in “Gene expression patterns” The three estrogen receptor genes are highly expressed in zebrafish neuromasts during development.
77 citations
,
February 2001 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” HGF activator helps convert HGF to its active form, promoting hair growth.
66 citations
,
December 2013 in “Nature Cell Biology” Inactive hair follicle stem cells help prevent skin cancer.
60 citations
,
August 2008 in “Human molecular genetics online/Human molecular genetics” A position effect on the TRPS1 gene causes excessive hair growth in humans and mice.
57 citations
,
August 2002 in “American Journal Of Pathology” Cathepsin L deficiency causes hair and skin issues in mice.
49 citations
,
March 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The hHa7 gene is regulated by androgens in certain body hair, not scalp hair.
48 citations
,
August 1998 in “Developmental Biology” Deleting part of a gene in mice causes wavy hair and high pup loss.
46 citations
,
January 1991 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Minoxidil works in liver and outer hair root sheath for hair growth.
42 citations
,
July 2017 in “Molecular therapy” A form of vitamin E promotes hair growth by activating a specific skin pathway.